Elementor #16557

Create a 3D set joining points offset from horizontal and vertical alignments.

Create a set in the current layer connecting points at offsets from selected alignments.

Options

Plan view:

Select a horizontal alignment pline or set. The default is the active HAL.

Profile view:

Select a vertical alignment pline or set. The default is a profile with the same name as the HAL, or a profile which refers to the HAL, if existing. If no record is selected, or the VAL is out of the HAL range, the the new points have no elevations.

Settings

Chainage

Begin:

Enter beginning chainage

End

Enter ending chainage

Incr:

Enter chainage increment

Use Xlines

Also create points at Xlines

Offset distance

Enter the horizontal offset

Delta elevation

Enter the elevation difference

Name

Enter the name of the new points and set or leave blank to name points with chainages

OK

Accept the new settings

Cancel

Retain the old settings

See also

GC3D

Create a 3D set offset from horizontal and vertical alignments, with the elevation offset vertical or perpendicular to the VAL

3DROAD

Create a 3D set offset from the main alignments in a roadjob

GC28

Create points along horizontal and vertical alignments

GC283D

Create points along horizontal and vertical alignments at 3D distances

Filter superfluous points from a DTM.

Filter large point DTMs generated by laser scanners, hydrographic surveys and photogrametry where much of the data is not significant.

Filter points on spikes, on similar grade and where removal would make insignificant changes to the volume.

Select a DTM layer and a boundary

Settings

Max Triangle Grade %

Filter out spikes and troughs by removing points where all surrounding triangles exceed the grade and all are either sloping away (a peak) or sloping toward the point (a trough).

Max Common Side Grade Diff %

Filter large triangles of similar grade by removing points where surrounding triangles have a small difference in Common Side Grade.

Max Volume Difference m³

Filter small triangles by removing points where the resultant local difference in volume is small.

Max Effective Area

Filter points where the total area of surrounding triangles is small.

Max Number of iterations

Reform the DTM and repeat the filter for the number of iterations or, if 0.00, until less than 10% is removed by the last iteration.

Colour of Removed Points

Modify the colour of the filtered points so you can select for deletion by colour.

Move Filtered Points to layer zero

Move filtered points layer 0 or make them non-​contourable.

Only Filter point if same colour

Protect points where colours vary

Keep Points on Breaklines

Protect points that lie on a breakline.

Keep Points on DTM Edge

Protect points on the DTM Edge.

Keep Points > 1 Standard Deviations.

Protect points with an elevation difference of more than 1 standard deviation from the new DTM.

Compute Volume Difference

Report the difference in volume between the start and final surfaces.

Generate Report.

Report the results to P3Pad.

Points inside dead regions defined by SETSMOOTH are not modified.

See also FILTER to filter plines, BLFILTER to filter along sets and GC31 to remove duplicate points and GC53 to change and identify non-​contourable points. GCGEOCODE is a separate application, which can quickly filter points not close to an average surface model.

Export MCA file for Topcon 3D-MC Machine Control.

Compute cross sections where xlines intersect selected 3D sets, then export hal, val and sections to a single MCA file and report to P3Pad.

MCA files are the input files for the now-obsolete Topcon 3D-MC machine control system. They are not usable by current Topcon 3D machine control systems which import .DWG and other files. Check with your Topcon dealer.

Report 3D lengths and angles of sets.

Report the record number and name of selected sets, then the following values for each point:

• Back, Intersection and Forward Point Numbers
• Xline chainages and coordinates (if selected)
• True 3D Angle
• 3D and 2D Chainage of Intersection Point
• Horizontal Deflection Angle and Direction
• Vertical Deflection Angle
• Bearing In and Out
• 3D Distance In and Out
• Zenith Angle In and Out
• Slope In and Out.

This information is especially useful for designing and laying out long pipe networks.

You can also

• Create Xlines labelled with chainages at an interval
• Append the horizontal deflection angle and direction to each point name
• Write the report to a CSV file.

See also PIPEINFO and TP10.

Create a 3D set joining points offset from a roadway.

Create a set in the current layer connecting points at offsets from the main horizontal and vertical alignments on a roadjob.

Options

Road:

Select a roadjob.

Settings

Chainage

Begin:

Enter beginning chainage

End

Enter ending chainage

Incr:

Enter chainage increment

Use Xlines

Also create points at Xlines

Offset distance

Enter the horizontal offset

Delta elevation

Enter the elevation difference

Name

Enter the name of the new points and set or leave blank to name points with chainages

OK

Accept the new settings

Cancel

Retain the old settings

See also

3D

Create a 3D set offset from horizontal and vertical alignment plines

GC3D

Create a 3D set offset from horizontal and vertical alignment plines, with the elevation offset either vertical or perpendicular to the VAL

GC28

Create points along horizontal and vertical alignments

GC283D

Create points along horizontal and vertical alignments at 3D distances

3D Visualiser.

Project a DTM surface in a perspective, orthographic or plan view.

Functions

• Display a single DTM surface with points, links, coloured bands, grids, shadows and elevation ranges.
• Each surface is displayed in a new window; display multiple surfaces.
• The elevation colour ranges can be configured, saved and imported.
• Shadows can be controlled using configurable light sources.
• Navigate using the mouse in flying or rotating modes.
• View the data in perspective, orthographic or plan views.
• Export the image in .bmp, .jpg, .psd, .gif, .tif or .tga format; or as a stereo pair.

Recover lost windows

The 3D Visualiser window can be maximised, minimised and restored. The window is displayed where the previous window was last located. If that location is not visible, because that display has since been disconnected or turned off, the window is not visible and import scripts appear to lock up. Recovery is often as simple as re-attaching a removed external display or turning on a laptop display.

To reset the window to a location on the primary display:

1. Exit Terramodel
2. If the file TVLite_window.reg is not present in C:\TMCUSTOM​\Geocomp​\, download that registration file to that folder and then rename the file to TVLite_window.reg
3. Open TVLite_window.reg
4. Accept the changes to the Windows registry
5. Start Terramodel
6. Try 3D Visualizer again.

This registration file also enables "Data field emphasis" and "Smaller data tags" in "Raw Data Appearance" settings.

White display

If 3D Visualiser displays a white display for a very long time before rendering the image, this could be a problem with the video drivers. This could also be due to many sets having Hard or Sharp smoothness. To avoid this, modify the smoothness of existing sets to Soft with SETSMOOTH and of new sets with DESIGNSET.

Help

3D Visualiser Help is available from the Help menu in 3D Visualizer, from the Index submenu in the Help menu and by the HELPTVL command.

Other names

3D Visualiser is also known as 3D Visualizer, TVLITE, Terravista Lite, TVL and 3D Views.

TV

3D Visualiser is included with the Field data module. TV (Terramodel Visualizer) is a separate application that also displays Terramodel project files in perspective and in movies with points, sets, multiple surfaces, textured regions, trees and draped orthophotos. Visualizer is separately installed from the Terramodel installation disk. If you don't have any TV modules on your key, you can trial Visualizer with supplied demonstration projects.

Set prefix abbreviations for labelling and display.

Abbreviations are used in display, reports, and labelling. They apply to both attribute text and text objects created while labeling. Once you have made changes to the abbreviations, attribute text will be updated when the display is redrawn, but text objects created by labeling must be re-labeled to be updated.

Curve

Abbreviations for circular curves. Each label can have a maximum of eight characters. You can use any ASCII character in a prefix label by entering "\" and the number of the character. For example, enter \131 for the delta symbol in TMODELF.FNT.

Spiral

Abbreviations for spiral curves. Each curve prefix label can have a maximum of eight characters.

Vertical

Abbreviations for vertical curves. Each curve prefix label can have a maximum of eight characters.

Table

Line and curve table headings for LABELTABLE. Each label can have a maximum of 16 characters.

Point

Abbreviations for point names. Each prefix label can have a maximum of eight characters. These abbreviations are only used by commands that create points along an alignment at positions where IP or curve information are listed.

Report Terramodel version number and modules.

Report Terramodel version number, Terramodel Toolpak version, copyright details, and list Modules.

Click on the Modules button to see the list of modules:

Family

List modules for families of Trimble products other than Terramodel

Serial Number

The serial number is also the licence number written on the key. The - extension indicates the number of times the key has been updated with different modules.

Lock version

The lock version enables certain versions of Terramodel.

Days of trial

The number of days remaining on any trial period

Order form

Report the modules and purchase code details to printer or email

Upgrade

Enter Upgrade codes when requested by a Trimble dealer.

If there is no Products button, the Terramodel key cannot be found and Field data is the only module. If you suspect the key is faulty, or not programmed with your modules, contact Geocomp Systems. See www.geocomp.com.au/​support/​dongle.html for more about security keys and their system drivers.

See also GCHELP.

Convert DWG and DXF files to R2000 DWG files.

Use ODA File Converter to convert every DWG and DXF file in a specified folder to DWG files in R2000 format.

ACADCONV command provides a simple interface in Terramodel to ODA File Converter so you can convert all DWG or DXF files in a specified folder to R2000 DWG files in another specified folder.

Open Design Alliance

ODA File Converter and ODA Drawings Explorer can import most variations of DWG and DXF files and export them as .DWG or .DXF files of any version from R9 to R2013.

Download and install ODA File Converter, then in ACADCONV, browse to select the location of the .exe and \In and \Out data folders.

Errors when importing

If you get an error message or crash when you IMPORT, this could be because the DWG or DXF file:

To use ACADCONV

1. Download the latest Windows version of the ODA File Converter.
2. Install onto a computer with Terramodel.
3. Create a dedicated Input data folder.
4. Create a dedicated Output data folder.
5. Place only the DWG or DXF files that you want to convert into the Input folder.
6. Start Terramodel.
7. Run ACADCONV.
8. In Settings, specify the paths for ODA software and data. For example:
   • C:\Program Files\​ODA\​ODAFileConverter_title 19.8.0\​ODAFileConverter.exe
   • X:\TMData\Project1\In
   • X:\TMData\Project1\Out
9. Click Convert.
10. Specify the input files filter and the output version.
11. Exit ACADCONV.
12. IMPORT each DWG file from the Output folder.

2000 is earliest DWG version that supports spaces in file names. R10 is the first version that supports 3D coordinates and is the last version before vports. In most cases, converting to .R10 is the best way to prepare a .DWG or DXF data for IMPORT.

Set, clear or list the current active alignment.

Active alignment

Select the set or pline to be the active alignment

Set

Make the set or pline the active alignment

Clear

Clear the active alignment

Active alignments are used to select alignments quickly when prompted and control the display visibility of referenced objects.

Objects that refer to alignments derive their chainage properties from those alignments and can be replaced by alignment labelling commands.

See also GCACTIVE which selects the active alignment from alignments registered in HALMANAGER.

See also REFER which refers objects to an alignment.

PROFILE refers the profile it creates to the selected alignment. Objects in the profile are invisible if they refer to alignments other than the active alignment. If the selected alignment refers to another alignment, PROFILE will use the chainages of that other alignment.

Set the active station.

Set, clear or list the current active alignment and station.

ACTIVE​CHAINAGE is an alias to ACTIVE​STATION.

The active chainage, or active station, is the chainage of a specified xline on the active alignment. In the XSect view, set the active alignment and active chainage to view only one cross section at a time. Clear the active alignment to see all cross sections of that alignment drawn on top of each other.

In the XSect view, X value is horizontal offset, Y value is vertical offset and Z value is chainage. Each pline, text and block drawn in the Xsect view is given the Z value equal to active chainage at the time. The Z value can be modified using commands such as ELEVATION that modify elevation in the Plan view.

Cross sections are drawn as plines and text in the XSect view using RDX, RDXGC, XSHEET or XSHEETGC. Each pline and text object created by these commands has a Z value, from the chainage of its xline, and refers to the active alignment, or to another pline that refers to that alignment.

Plines, text and blocks in the Xsect view that refer to other chainages or alignments are hidden in the XSect view. Each cross section dynaview in the Sheet view only shows objects for one chainage and alignment.

Other visible objects are displayed including points, sets, and those objects with no chainage (Z value = *). Objects which are off, such as the plotboxes for the sheets, and objects on layers that are off, are also hidden in the normal way.

These rules enable you to control which cross sections is visible and to draw, edit, measure and so on.

Options

Alignment

Select the set or pline to be the active alignment

Chainage|Station

Select the chainage along the alignment to be the current active chainage

Next

Make the next xline with a greater chainage, along the current active alignment, the active chainage

Previous

Make the previous xline with a lesser chainage, along the current active alignment, the active chainage

Set

Set the selected set or pline to the active alignment and make the specified chainage the active chainage

Clear

Clear the active alignment and active chainage

If the US English language version is installed, Terramodel dialogs and menus refer to Station. If British English, the dialogs refer to Chainage. The Terramodel Help refers to Station. This TML List refers to Chainage.

Add prefix or suffix to names of selected points, sets or plines.

Change the names of selected points to add a common prefix or suffix.

Add prefix or suffix to selected point numbers.

Change the point numbers of selected points to add a common prefix or suffix.

If you are adding alpha characters, or any modified point number will exceed the "Max integer pn" in POINTSET, ensure that SYSTEM has sufficient "Max Alpha pts".

Add a prefix and suffix to selected text.

Add a prefix and suffix to selected text; for example, add parentheses around text.

Extended text objects with more than 255 characters are not supported.

Add an image located by multiple plotboxes.

Add one image to multiple plot boxes.

The same image is added to image manager at the lower left and upper right extents of each selected plotbox.

These plotboxes may be evenly spaced using MATRIX.

If all the plotboxes are the same size and refer to a mastersheet, use ASAPIMAG.

Add the depth indicated by an isopach layer to the points contained within a DTM layer.

Determine the depth of the isopach at the location of each point on a DTM surface, and then add that depth to the elevation of selected points.

If the DTM point is beyond the limits of the isopach layer's DTM edge, the point's elevation is unchanged.

See also GC54 and GC87.

Add coordinate mapping systems.

Import coordinate systems from a file into the Mentor database for use with commands that transform coordinates from one mapping system to another.

The fields are: #HORIZ_DATUM,​Ellipsoid,​PROJECTION_ID,​PROJECTION_NAME,​CM_ZONE_DD,​FALSE_EASTING,​FALSE_NORTHING,​CENTRAL_SCALE_FACTOR. For example: GDA2020,​GRS1980,​BRO2020,​Broome Grid 2020,​122.3333333333,​50000.0000000000,​2300000.0000000000,​1.0000029800.

Importing coordinate systems from a file that you prepare is easier than using the "Define CS" button in GCCOORD or COORDCON. Run GCCOORD or COORDCON at least once in a session before ADDMAPSY.

Commands that use coordinate systems in the Mentor database include COORDCON, GCCOORD, FYATBOUT, GCKMLIN, GCKMLOUT, GCLLGRID, LLTABLE and SHADOW.

Add tide corrections to depth records.

Apply or reapply tide corrections from a tide file to selected depth records within a time period.

The tide file must in the format dd/mm/yyyy,hh:mm:ss,t.ttt where t.ttt is the tide value in metres and correctly sorted by increasing date and time.

Depth records are points with negative elevations when deeper than tide datum or positive when drying heights (above water). The point name must have been formatted by HDMS.

Restore any depths rounded with HDMSRTR prior to running ADDTIDES. Relabel depths after running ADDTIDES.

Adjust a lot to match a specified area.

Create a lot (closed set) that encloses a specified area by moving a reference boundary relative to fixed boundary sets or plines.

Operation

Bndy Objs:

Select the plines or sets that define the stationary part of the boundary. Corners of the boundary are created where the lines overlap. Curve types other than circular arcs are converted to chords.

Ref Bndy:

Select a reference line that overlaps the adjacent segments of the final figure. Create the boundary so that as it moves, it continues to overlap the adjacent segments.

Center

Select a location near the centre of the adjusted lot. This can distingush between two possible solutions.

Settings

Adjusted Area:

Enter the target area in square project units

Type of Adjustments

Adjust by Azimuth

Shift the reference line along the specified azimuth

Pivot Point

Rotate the reference line about a specified Rotation point

OK or Cancel

Accept or reject changes to Settings and position the mouse to select a location near the centre.

OK

Create the closed pline with the specified area.

How to adjust a lot

1. Decide on the desired lot area in square project units
2. Decide which boundaries are fixed
3. Create a reference boundary to be moved until the target area is reached
4. Check that the fixed objects and the reference boundary together enclose a region and will still do so after the boundary is moved.
5. Run ADJAREA
6. Select the fixed boundary objects
7. Select a reference boundary pline or set that crosses the fixed objects to define a closed region
8. In Settings
   • Enter the desired adjusted area in square project units
   • Specify azimuth direction in which to move, or a pivot point around which to rotate
9. Specify a location within the proposed lot
10. OK to create a closed pline with the adjusted area

Please refer to Adjarea.pdf or Terramodel Help for an illustrated example.

ADJAREA is also known as ADJUSTAREA.

See also PREDAREA.

Differences with PREDAREA:

Label a pipe with airvalve blocks.

Place blocks on a HAL and VAL to show the location of airvalves.

The blocks must be named AirValvePlan and AirValveProfile.

The blocks are placed at high points, such as airvalves, and low points, such as scour valves.

See also TP40.

Create, edit and delete command aliases.

Create, edit and delete aliases for commands.

An alias is a command that substitutes for other text entered at the command line or in a menu, toolbar button or workspace button.

Aliases are for commands which need command line arguments, are unfamiliar, renamed, misspelled, replaced or are easier to remember in your own language, dialect, idiom or standard.

Use EXEC in an alias to execute an external command.

Alias editor

Add

Enter a new alias in the Alias field, the command name the alias is for in the Command field and any command arguments, up to 66 characters, in the Arguments field. The alias cannot include spaces. The command must be an an installed Terramodel command or TML and not another alias. To copy an alias, select an existing alias and enter a new alias name and modify the command or argumnents. Click Add to add the new alias.

Update

Select an alias from the list and enter any new values in Alias, Command or Arguments field. Click Update to replace the alias.

Delete

Select an alias from the list. Click Delete to remove the alias.

Print

Report all aliases to P3Pad

OK

Accept all changes and update the ALIAS.INI file

Cancel

Cancel without making any changes

Examples

User action	Result	Example of
Type UNITSET	Execute UNITSSET	Common misspelling
Type FAVOURITE	Execute FAVORITES	Alternative spelling
Type FAVORITOS	Execute FAVORITES	Spanish language
Type REVEAL	Reveal hidden set segments with UNHIDE	Rename obscure command
Type VOLUME	Execute EARTHWORK	Keep Terramodel 9.8 command
Execute THREEPC command	Execute GC3PTARC command	Substitute with alternative command
Click on   in Views toolbox	Open Profile view using SVIEW	Command line argument and toolbox
Click on   in VPAN toolbox	Pan left by one screen	Command line argument and toolbox
Type Z or W	ZOOM using a window	Like AutoCAD
Type MOOZ	MAGNIFY the view scale by 0.5 to zoom out	Like SDRMap
Type DXFOUT or DWGOUT	Execute the AutoCAD (dwg or dxf) EXPORT script	Like AutoCAD
Type 17	Measure 3D vector using GC29	Like Geocomp
Type CASCADE	Cascade views by "MACROPLAY Cascade"	Execute a macro
Type DCEDIT	Launch the Trimble DC File Editor	Launch an external executable application using EXEC
Type UG	Open the User Guide	Open an external file using TMRUN in a fixed location
Type RUN C:\TMCUSTOM\​GEOCOMP\​DOCS UG.PDF	Open the User Guide	Open an external file using TMRUN in a user-specified location

ALIAS.INI

Aliases are defined in the first ALIAS.INI file in the Terramodel Search Path (TSP). If you use ALIAS command to add or edit aliases, please keep note of your changes as the default ALIAS.INI, which has over 2000 aliases, is replaced during each Geocomp Update. Many commands and menu items in the Geocomp Update rely on these aliases. The default is usually in C:\​TMCUSTOM\​GEOCOMP or C:\Program files (x86)\​Trimble\​Terramodel\​Geocomp.

Use TSP to check which ALIAS.INI is in use (although if ALIAS.INI is in any location under C:\Program files (x86)\​Trimble\​Terramodel\, the file actually in use might be a copy in the Windows VirtualStore).

You can define your own ALIAS.INI from scratch. If you do, many commands added or edited by Geocomp Systems will not run. Don't try to manually edit any file under C:\Program files (x86)\. Copy to a location under C:\TMCUSTOM where you can edit. Lines that start with a semi-colon ";" are hidden from the Alias Editor. Changes take effect when you restart or, if you use a ALIAS command, when you click OK.

Any remnant aliases in TMODWIN.INI files take precedence over aliases in ALIAS.INI so should be avoided. Use EDITINI (Import sections) to show if there is an [Alias] section in an INI file and, if so, use EDITINI (Fix Status Bar) to remove it.

ALIAS.INI in the Geocomp Update includes all commands on the English, French and Spanish menus. If you use the German menu, and want to help us add German aliases, please let us know.

See also

RUN

An alias to open an external file

Import alignments from an ASCII text file.

Import HAL, VAL or SLOPE alignments with horizontal curve radii or vertical curve lengths from a comma-​delimited file.

Browse or enter the filename.

The Settings control the Name, Colour, and Linetype for the alignment created.

The check box "Adjust for HAL Equations", allows you to select the registered HAL from which to extract chainage equations.

The current view determines how the file is interpreted. Where there is no curve, omit the value in [ ].

Plan (Y before X in View Settings OFF)

East,North,[,Radius]

Plan (with Y before X in View Settings ON)

North,East[,Radius]

Profile

Chainage, Elevation[,Vertical Curve Length]

XSect

Offset, Elevation[,Radius]

Super

Chainage, Elevation[,Vertical Curve Length]

See also GC65FILE.

Import alignments offsets from a text file.

Import chainages and offsets for a horizontal or vertical alignment.

These are added to the Alignment Offsets in the HAL or VAL Manager.

• Browse to select the comma-​delimited file.
• The format is assumed to be: Chainage, Offset.
• Pick the Pline or Set that you want to use for the registered HAL.
• Enter a name for the HAL to be registered. The default is the filename.

This will overwrite any already-registered HAL with the same name.

See also GC65FILE.

Make text perpendicular to alignment.

Rotate selected text to be perpendicular to alignment.

See also TEXTALIGN.

Zoom to extents

Zoom to the extents of all visible objects in the active view and refresh.

The extents of objects inside blocks are not considered. Use ALL to see the effect of changes to vertical exaggeration in VIEWSET.

Enable menus for entry by keyboard.

Enable the menu for key entry so you can then select a menu by pressing the underlined character then select an item from the menu, without using the Mouse.

ALT is an ALIAS to MACROPLAY ALT which simulates the standard Windows functions of pressing ALT key or F10 function key.

Report angle-right between points.

Reports the horizontal angle at an instrument point subtended to the right from the backsight point to the foresight point.

Also reports the distance from the instrument point to the foresight point.

Uses the current Angle Units setting.

If all three of the coordinate locations are point objects, the point numbers will be displayed.

See also IDANGLE, GCANG, GCLABIP and LABELANG.

Draw a pline arc from any three parameters.

Choose one of 10 Types of arc, for example "Start, Center, End" or "3 Point".

ARC defaults to the last Type used.

If you need Sets, use CONVERT or GCCONVRT command to change the Plines to Sets, or use GCARC.

The arc is drawn from the first point to the last point.

If a radius is used, a negative radius will draw the arc on the right-hand side.

In Terramodel Help, this command is called ARCS.

See also GC3PTARC, ARC2P and CURVESOL.

Create an arc pline by two locations and a radius.

The arc is drawn anti-clockwise to the left of the locations.

Use a negative radius to draw the arc on the right-hand side.

See also ARC, ARC2PSET and GCARC.

Create an arc set by two points and the radius.

The arc is drawn from the first point to the second point.

Use a negative radius to draw the arc on the right-hand side.

See also ARC, ARC2P, GCARC and GC3PTARC.

Create breaklines along the arc segments of all sets on a designated DTM layer.

Create points at regular intervals along the arc and connect a set from the existing first TP to each of the new points and finally to the end TP of the arc. The number of chords created is based on a specified maximum middle ordinate (arc-to-chord tolerance) value which indicates the maximum allowable deviation from the true arc for any breakline chord.

The elevation of each point is interpolated along the arc from the elevations of the points at the arc TPs. If either TP has an undefined elevation, Breaklines will not be formed along that arc, and a warning message will be issued in the message area.

The new sets are named "SETARCBL", and given the current line colour, so they can be selected separately from the arcs.

See also GCARCBL to make the chords invisible and BLFILTER to filters out excess breakline points.

Replace arc segments in sets with points and arcs or chords.

Replace all arcs in selected sets with additional segments by number of points, chords or an arc-to-chord tolerance.

Method

Points

Create the specified number of new points per arc and replace the arc segments with new arcs.

Chords

Create the specified number of new points per arc and replace the arc segments with chords.

Arc to chord

Create new points at the specified maximum distance from the arc and replace the arc segments with chords.

Layer

Set layer

Create the new points on the same layer as the set

Current layer

Create the new points on the current layer

Notes

The smoothness of sets is not changed so any dead regions still apply.

See also GCCHORD which can also create chords along plines and GCARCBL which creates chords in separate sets.

Toggle visibility of set arc centres.

Turn off or on the visibility of all points at the centre of arc segments in sets.

If sets are visible, their arc centres are also visible unless ARCENTRE has been used to toggle off project variable GC_ARC_CENTRE.

Report the area inside plines or sets.

Report the area and perimeter if closed and length if open.

Line

Report to message scroll the area of a single figure and the accumulated area after subsequent selections.

Multiple

Report to P3pad for each selected figure including the sum.

Digitiser

Report area inside selected locations, without creating having to create a new object.

The unit labelling is configured by UNITSSET.

The message “Unable to get record's area” usually means that the figure crosses itself somewhere. If you cannot find where the set or pline crosses itself, you can get the area using GC10 and User-defined REPORTS such as Closure Report and Geometry Report. With GC10 and REPORTS the area inside the enclosed part is subtracted from the larger part, not added, and figures with spirals are not valid.

Arrange icons of minimised views at the bottom left of the display.

Arrange icons of minimised views at the bottom left of the display.

Arrange is an ALIAS to MACROPLAY ARRANGEICONS which simulates the Arrange icons command in the Window menu.

Add mastersheet images to plotboxes.

Add to each plotbox the same images that are in the mastersheet.

After you have used PLANSET to create plotboxes, place each logo image once in the mastersheet using IMAGE Manager then use ASAPIMAG to copy the logos in IMAGE Manager so they appear on each sheet.

The plotboxes don't have to have been created by PLANSET, they just need to all be the same size and shape and all refer to the same plotbox (which PLANSET calls a "mastersheet" ).

See also ADDIMAGE.

Import an Ashtech points file

Import an Ashtech formatted points file (.PTS).

Renumber points in chainage|​station order.

Renumber selected points to increase in the direction of a selected alignment.

Relayer objects to match Asset_ID attribute.

Asset_ID attributes are feature attributes commonly used with pipe survey commands.

Import an AusGeoid DAT or TXT file

Import a file of elevation differences (N-values) to be used to transform AUSGeoid98, AUSGeoid09 or AUSGeoid2020 elevations to or from Australian Height Datum.

In the same way, AUSGEOID can also import AUSGeoid2020 uncertainty values.

The N-values are in a one-minute grid of Latitude and Longitude. For AUSGeoid98 and AUSGeoid09 data, the coordinate system is LL-GDA94. For AUSGeoid2020, LL-GDA2020.

Select a suitable boundary to limit the number of imported points. For example, importing Ausgeoid2020 with no boundary creates over 15,000,000 points. At the other extreme, selecting a boundary that is too small will import insufficient grid points to interpolate N-values over your whole site.

Prepare an N-values grid

1. Obtain a suitable AUSGeoid .DAT or .TXT file containing N-Values.
2. In Terramodel,
   1. Start a NEW project.
   2. Import any clipping boundaries.
   3. Select or create an empty current layer with a suitable name like N-VALUES 09 LL or N-VALUES 2020 54.
   4. Run AUSGEOID to import N-values from the file.
   5. Use TMXOUT to export the clipped N-Value grid to .TMX for later use.

Settings

Change

Select a geodetic coordinate system

For Bdy:

Select a limiting boundary in that coordinate system

Transform Lat. Long into East, North

Transform the grid into Eastings and Northings in that coordinate system if for adjusting elevations. Do not transform if for adjusting distances.

Import N values into Current Layer

Import points from the file that fall within the boundary

Cancel

Downloads

Download AUSGeoid2020 .DAT files from Geoscience Australia. These .DAT files are huge.

Download AUSGeoid09 .TXT files from NSW, NT, QLD, SA, TAS, VIC or WA or from Geoscience Australia.

For more information and more .DAT and .TXT files, see Geoscience Australia.

GGF

Surveyors with certain Trimble instruments can apply elevation differences while importing "Trimble raw survey (.dc)" points using .GGF files (such as these AUSGeoid09 .GGF files for Australia or for just South East Australia). Matching .GGF files must be correctly installed on the instrument and in Coordinate System Manager (CSM). Contact your Trimble instrument supplier for details.

Commands that use N-values

NZGEOID

Import New Zealand N-values

GC54

Correct elevations

GC29UTM

Measure distances

TRAVUTM

Traverse

GCSCANIN

Import lidar

Create line, block and text features based on field codes.

Create pline, sets, blocks and text to names of selected points according to field codes defined in an AutoDraft Configuration (.ADC) file.

To join all selected points with sets based on common field code and string number in the point name, leave the ADC field blank.

To automatically draft surveys where standard survey coding procedures have been followed, select a corresponding .ADC file.

Browse to select a predefined ADC file such as Geocomp Field Codes Revised.ADC, USStandard.ADC or UKStandard.ADC, or Edit to modify or create your own.

AutoDraft can accommodate many survey conventions. One common convention is start each point name with a field code (also known as a feature code) followed immediately by a string code. Prefix each comment, global code or parameter with a space.

Points

Select points to be automatically drafted.

Config file

Browse to select an AutoDraft Configuration (.ADC) file. The default file and location is stored as a project variable. Leave blank to join points with the same names.

Edit

Open the AutoDraft Editor.

File

Open or create a new AutoDraft Configuration (.ADC) File

Edit

Edit an AutoDraft Configuration (.ADC) File.

Undo

Undo changes to the .ADC

New Global Code

Select Global Settings then add a new global code or modify global settings.

Global Settings

Specify a multiple field code separator, the processing order, where to expect the string number (e.g. to the right) and the layer for radius points.

Global code

Specify codes which can apply to any feature, for example CLOSE to close a string or POC for the mid point of an arc.

Unknown codes

Optionally, define specific characters to indicate lines and arcs.

New Feature Category

Select Feature Definitions then add a new feature category of edit feature definitions

Feature Category

Define Categories such as Vegetation or Electricity

New Feature

Within each category, add a new feature or edit features

New field code

For each feature, add a new field code or edit field codes. For example, TOP or 102 for Top of Bank, up to 9 characters long. String numbers can be up to 3 characters. In Point Display, specify the new point layer and colour

New line definition

For each feature description with type Line, specify the name, layer, colour, linetype, type, smoothness, direction and offsets of any new lines.

New block association

For each feature, optionally add block associations. Specify the block names, layer, colour, scaling parameter numbers, rotation and number of points of any new blocks

New text label

For each feature, optionally add text. Specify the text, EAT codes, layer, style, colour, leader line, border and offsets of any new text.

Delete, cut, copy, paste, replace

Edit entries in the .ADC.

View

View only certain features.

Reports

Report some or all details of the .ADC to P3Pad.

Help

Display AutoDraft editor Help. Windows 10 users, please use HELPTM instead to find AutoDraft pages in the Index.

Unknown features

If any point names don't match a field code, you can add them to the ADC. If you do, identify the discrepancy, undo the AutoDrafting, correct the survey or the ADC, delete the unknown features from the ADC and then rerun AutoDraft on the survey until you are no longer prompted.

Groups

All new objects are given the same new group number which is one more than the previous largest group number.

Error messages

Watch out for any error messages in message scroll, especially when editing a new or imported .ADC.

See also

CSV2ADC, PTS2ADC, BLKPTS, GC16ADC, GCIMPORT, GCINSBLK, GCJOINMP, GCJOINPT, MAPPOINTS, MULTCODE, PTJOIN, PTLAYCOL, RELAYER and SURPIMPT.

Enable automatic saving of project files.

AutoSave attempts to back up the current project file at a user-​specified time interval so it may help you recover from unexpected power failures or computer crashes. It does not help you recover from closing without saving, overwriting backups, and so on. The project file is autosaved with a randomly generated name in a randomly generation subfolder of the folder you specify in the AutoSave Configuration dialog box.

To use AutoSave

1. Click FILE, Config System, and AutoSave [AutoSave].
2. To turn AutoSave on or off, click the AutoSave On check box.
3. To set the time interval for each autosave, type the time (in minutes) between autosaves into the Check Every box.
4. To change the directory for autosave files:
   1. Turn off AutoSave (see step 2), and click Browse. The Browse for Folder dialog box appears.
   2. Find and click on the folder for the autosave files.
   3. Click OK. The new folder name appears in the Directory for AutoSave Files area.
   4. Turn on AutoSave if desired.
5. Click OK.

Recommendations:

• Do not rely on AutoSave.
• You cannot continue working during an autosave. This can be annoying and take a long time.
• It's quicker and safer to turn off AutoSave and habitually save early and save often with SAVE and SAVEAS.
• Look for files in the project folder with extensions .~pr or .pr~. These are recent backups created by SAVE and SAVEAS.
• Check to see if you have enough disk space.
• Check to see a directory used by Terramodel was deleted.
• Make sure your network server is working properly if your computer is on a network.
• If your AutoSave path is on a network, you may be opening someone else's file.

Create a clockwise set joining points.

Create a closed set on the current layer joining at least three selected points clockwise from the southwest around a location at the mean of the coordinates.

See also QSET, GCTRACE, LOTJOIN, PTS2BDY and DTMEDGE.

Compute average coordinates of points

Compute average easting, northing and elevation of selected points.

See also RANGE, DTMSTATS, GC05 and GC31.

Compute volumes by average end-area between DTMs

Compute volumes by end-area given an alignment, Xlines and two dtm layers

Use AVGEND to compute end-area volumes if you do not have the Site Design or Roadway modules. Compare totals with EARTHWORK reports.

Create XLINES along an alignment first. Smaller intervals give more accurate volumes.

Options

ALIGN

Enter the alignment (pline or set object) along which Terramodel will compute volumes. Select the same alignment you used to create the xlines.

OUTSIDE

Select the first DTM layer from which you will calculate volumes. This layer should completely encompass the second, or inside, layer and must contain 3D points.

INSIDE

Use this layer control to select the second DTM layer. Make sure that, within the limits of the xlines, the points on this layer lie within the extents of the outside layer and have elevations.

CALC

Specify the chainage limits of the volumes and whether to send the report to the screen or to an external file.

See also VOLUME to compute cut and fill volumes between surfaces, GCGRDVOL and GC20 to compute volumes between surfaces within multiple boundaries.

GCGRDVOL can also report volumes within chainage ranges so it can give a similar report to AVGEND but with more accurate volumes.

EARTHWRK and XVOLUMES report volumes by end-area of roadjobs. GCGRDVOL reports prismoidal volumes between xlines which is more accurate that AVGEND.

If you get zero volumes when you expect sensible values, see FIXLAYERS.

Report on installation of pre-cast road barriers.

Report on installation of pre-cast barriers along a roadjob.

Select a roadjob, and as-built points at the base and top of barriers.

In Settings, specify the chainage range, asphalt thickness, barrier height and barrier width.

Create, enter and edit basin attributes for a point.

Create, enter and edit basin attributes for a point.

Create a point at the intersection of two bearings or two lines.

Select a point or line to indicate the starting and second point and bearings. If you select a point, enter a bearing to indicate the direction from the point.

For each solution, BBEAR creates a new point at the intersection of the two bearings on the current layer.

Import a pipe survey from Business Center.

Import a pipe survey with attributes which has been exported from Trimble Business Center as a CSV file.

You can string the pipes by Asset ID or String No.

Create a point at the intersection of a line and an arc.

Solve for the intersection of two arcs or distances, and create a point object at the intersection.

Each arc is defined by a centre point and distance or by selecting an arc segment to define the centre point and distance.

Add a datum angle to bearing text.

Add a specified datum angle to text containing bearings expressed as degrees, minutes and seconds (DMS)

Enter the datum angle as a DMS string in HP notation like this: 125.30451 for 125°30′45.1″.

If the bearing is EAT text, the bearing is exploded to normal text then the angle is added. Any other characters in the text, such as brackets, distances and new lines are left alone.

Draw a curve or plane of best fit through selected points.

Create points and a set on a specified layer by fitting an equation to selected points.

Create points and a set on a specified layer by fitting an equation to selected points.

For each curve type, enter Settings for the result layer and other parameters as required.

Curve types

2D Line

Create a set between new two points with no elevations. See also BFITLINE.

Plane

Create a centre point and a rectangular set on a 3D plane. See also ELEVREFPLANE and IRBAY.

2D Circle

Create a 2D pline circle and centre point. See also CIRCLE and BFITCURV.

3D Circle

Create a set with a specified number of straight segments joining points on an ellipse which represents a circle in 3D space observed from above. See also ELLIPSE.

Parabola

Create a pline with a parabolic vertical curve. You can edit the vertical curve with CURVE if the pline is in a view mode with vertical exaggeration such as Profile or Xsect. See also PLINE, GCPRFEDT and PARABOLA.

Catenary

Create a pline of segments on a catenary through three points. See also CAT.

Draw an arc of best fit through selected points.

Create a pline arc fitted through three or more points using the Least Squares method.

Best-fit curve options

SELECT POINTS

Select the points through which a curve will be fitted.

OPTIONS

Select layers for the points and curves, set the location method and vary the weight of each point in the computations.

LAYER

Store points on

Specify the layer on which the PC, PT and radius points will be stored when using the Create option.

Store curve on

Specify the layer on which the set arc that connects the PC, PT and radius points will be stored when using the Create option.

LOCATION METHOD

Auto select/User select

Auto automatically calculates the beginning point. User lets you enter a beginning point. When you select User, you can enter a trial location for the centre of the radius and the radius length. BFITCURV uses the first three points to determine an initial radius and location for the radius point, and then uses an iterative process to find the solution. If, with the Auto option, BFITCURV suggests an arc in the opposite direction than desired, try again with the User option. Guessing a radius point and radius close to the true answer will speed the calculation process.

Radius center

Select a trial position for the calculation of the true radius center.

Radius length

Select a trial radius for the calculation of the true radius.

NUMBER

Lists the points you selected and through which a curve will be fit. From this box, you can select a point and edit its weight of importance. When you highlight a row in this list box, its corresponding weight will appear in the Weight box for you to change.

POINT

Display the selected point numbers.

WEIGHT

Set the weight of importance of each point through which the curve will pass. Bfitcurv will ignore any points having a weight of zero. A high weight will force the arc to go through the point. If fewer than three points are given a high weight of importance, Bfitcurv will not find a valid solution. When three points are given a high weight, an arc is passed through the three points.

LOCATE

Show the solution by creating a pline circle with the computed radius point and radius distance. In some situations, it may take several minutes to calculate the solution.

CREATE

Create a set arc, PC point, PT point and radius point.

REPORT

List the points used to calculate the arc, the weight of importance of each point, their distances from the arc and their coordinates on the arc perpendicular to their position.

DELETE

Delete the last set and points created with the Create option.

Create a line of best fit through selected points.

Create a pline fitted through two or more points using the Least Squares computation method.

Best-Fit Line Options

SELECT POINTS

Select the points through which a line will be fitted.

OPTIONS

Assign independent layers for the new objects, and vary the weight of importance of each point in the computations.

LAYER

Store points on

Specify the layer on which points will be stored.

Store line on

Specify the layer on which the set line will be stored.

NUMBER

List the points you selected and through which a line will be fit. When you highlight a row in this list box, its corresponding weight of importance will appear in the Weight box for you to change.

POINT

Display the point numbers of the points whose weight will be edited.

WEIGHT

Set the weight of importance of each point through which the line will pass. A weight of zero will force the line to go through the point. When two points are given a weight of zero, a line is passed through the two points. To ignore a point remove it from the selection. Higher weights pull the line towards the point.

CREATE

Create a set line and two points showing the solution.

REPORT

List the points used to calculate the line, their weight, their distance to the line and their coordinates on the line perpendicular to their position.

DELETE

Delete the last set and points created with the Create option.

Create an elevation view of points.

Copy selected points into an "Elevation" drawing in View 6.

The position of the point along the selected Baseline determines the horizontal position in View 6, while the Z coordinate of the Point determines the vertical position in View 6.

The points in View 6 are placed on the same layer that the points were originally placed on in the Plan View.

The points in View 6 are given an alphanumeric identifier (point number). If the baseline has a Name, then this name and the original identifier are combined to create the identifier for the point in View 6. If the baseline does not have a name, a (2) is combined with the original identifier to create the identifier for the point in View 6.

Max Alpha Points must be set in SYSTEM to a large enough number.

See also FLIPUP which is similar but has more features.

Import boreholes from a CSV.

Import points from a CSV file of bore hole data with elevations below a specified Top DTM layer.

The CSV file format is similar to this example:

See also BOREHOLE.

Import LandXML points within boundaries without new lines.

Import points from a LandXML file that fall within a closed pline or within an offset from an open pline, when the XML file has long lines of points.

Try to import LandXML files with GCPTSIN, GCXMLIN or LandXML import script first. If they choke on XML files because it has more than 255 characters per line, try BIGXMLIN to read points one character at a time.

BIGXMLIN, GCPTSIN and GCXMLIN read points only. GCFIXXML adds a new line after each > character into any XML file. The LandXML import script can also read surfaces and alignments.

Create a coloured image from depths.

Create a coordinated image file of colours representing the elevation from hydrographic data created using HDMS.

Create a breakline set.

Create a set that is also a breakline.

Create set between points that have elevations and are on the same layer as the first selected point. The set is created on the same layer as the points.

See also SET, GCDTMEDG and DELETE​SEGMENT.

Create a pline with right angles.

Specify an origin, enter a bearing and distance and then click OK to enter the first wall segment.

Then enter a positive distance to create a segment to the right, a negative distance for a segment to the left, New for a new building, Undo to undo the last segment or OK to complete the command.

See also BUILDING, QSET and TRAVPLIN.

Filter excess points from breaklines.

Replace straight set segments with fewer segments using a filter "tube" on the selected layer within any boundaries.

The initial filter tube is of the specified width, length and height and is orientated to the first segment on the set. The width is perpendicular to the segment and height is vertical.

BLFILTER checks for additional points within the limits of the filter tube. Any points inside the tube are discarded. The first point BLFILTER finds outside of the tube is kept, and the last discarded point inside the tube is added back to the set. The tube is then reoriented to the last two points, and the process is repeated.

See also FILTER which filters plines only, SETFILT and GCFILTER which filter by 2D offset tolerance and 3DFILTER which filters insignificant points from a DTM. Commands that add points include ARCBL, GCCHORD, GCDIVIDE and GCCHORD.

Check for crossing sets on a layer.

Wherever sets on the selected layer cross, create a point with the name "bl-cross" on layer CROSSING and labelled with symbol 40 (circle).

These points give an indication of crossing breaklines.

Some points may be created at set segments which are not breaklines, such as arc segments or sets with points that are 2D, non-​contourable or on different layers.

Any previously created points on layer CROSSING will be deleted.

As each set is checked against all the other sets, the count will appear slower at first then speed up.

Use CROSSCHK to check all selected sets or plines.

Place blocks at points based upon names in the BLOCK.MAP file.

Replaced by AUTODRAFT or GCLABPNT for most purposes.

Reread a block

Replace an internal block with a different external block with the same name.

See also MKBLKINT.

Create, place, list or purge blocks.

Combine objects into a single object that can be manipulated as a block.

Blocks can consist of points, 3DFaces, plines, dynaviews, text and other blocks. Objects in blocks do not retain layer names.

A block can be inserted multiple times into projects, shared between projects, scaled, rotated and otherwise edited.

Create both internal blocks (which can only be used within a single project file) and external blocks (which can be used by any Terramodel project file). If you specify an External block, Terramodel will use the first block with that name on the Terramodel Search Path.

Points included in blocks lose point numbers. Sets are stored as plines when they are included in blocks.

Block Options

CREATE

Create a block definition. Select objects and the origin of the block. Click Name to enter a block name of up to 15 characters and a description. Do not define the block as External. Click Create to create the Internal block. To create an External block, first create the Internal block then use the SAVE Option.

SETTINGS

Establish default parameters used when inserting blocks. These block settings apply to all subsequently created blocks.

SCALE

Enter a scale factor for the X, Y, and Z dimensions of all inserted blocks. The factors are measured in relation to the sizes of the original objects. For example, if you want to place a block 2.5 metres in diameter, and the block you are placing is 1 unit in diameter, use a scale factor of 2.5.

ROTATION

Establish the amount of clockwise rotation for the X, Y, and Z ordinates of each inserted block, rotated about the insertion point.

INTERNAL|​EXTERNAL radio buttons

Specify whether all blocks are to be created as internal or external.

AUTO SCALE

Apply the current drawing scale of the active view to the block insert. Use this feature when you want to keep the plotted size of the block the same regardless of the current drawing scale. One example would be a north arrow that you always want plotted 4 inches high regardless of the drawing scale.

AUTO ROTATE

Cause blocks to rotate automatically through a dynaview as the dynaview is rotated. This should not be used with a north arrow but could be used with other symbols to keep them oriented upright on the final plotted sheets.

CLIP

Clip the block to the limits of rectangular dynaviews, even if the insertion point falls outside the dynaview. Clipping complex blocks such as hatch patterns can cause the screen redraw speed to decrease.

MAP COLOUR

When a block is inserted, it is assigned the line colour of the current layer. This block colour is retained if the block is later relayered.

ON

All objects within the block are drawn with the colour of the block.

OFF

The objects in the block are drawn with their original colours. Blocks which contain block objects with colour 0 are drawn with the colour BYLAYER.

EDIT

Edit the attributes of an inserted block.

LAYER

Lists the available layers, where you choose one on which to place the block.

COLOUR

Modify the colour of the inserted block.

ATTRIBUTE

List any attributes that have been attached to the block. Any attributes must be edited using specific commands.

GROUP

Modify the integer group number. Set 0 for no group.

REF. OBJ

Specify record number of a parent object to which the blocked is referenced.

OBJ

This area displays the record number of the block.

NAME

Modify the name of the block to match another available block. For example, if you change the name of a block named CIRCLE to TREE1, the circle block will be replaced with a tree canopy block of different size.

DESCRIPTION

Displays the description you assigned to the block definition when you created it.

ORIGIN

Modify the X and Y of the origin of the block.

ELEV

Modify the elevation of the block. See PN below.

SCALE

Modify the X, Y or Z scale of the block.

ROTATION

Modify the X, Y, or Z rotation angles of the block.

AUTO SCALE

Apply the current view scale so the block is always the same size on the plot. Auto scale is off by default. Use SCLBLKS to turn Auto scale on.

MAP COLOUR

ON

All objects within the block are drawn with the colour of the block.

OFF

The objects in the block are drawn with their original colours. Blocks which contain block objects with colour 0 are drawn with the colour BYLAYER

AUTO ROTATION

Cause block objects to rotate automatically through a dynaview as the dynaview is rotated. This should not be used with a north arrow but could be used with blocks that oriented to the top of final plotted sheets.

PN

When a subject point number is specified the block origin is computed relative to the coordinates of the point. When the point is deleted any attached block will also be deleted. EAT text in the block can refer to the subject point.

INSERT

Insert a block into a project file.

Block name

Specify the name of the block you want to insert. Pick from a list of blocks already inserted in the project, or type in the name of a block in the Terramodel Search Path.

LOC

Locate the origin of the block.

SCALE

Set the size of the block relative to the size of the block definition. Most blocks are defined as one unit high so the scale you enter becomes the height of the inserted block in the units of the view. Note that the CIRCLE block is one unit in radius, and point label blocks vary in height as specified.

ROT

Enter the rotation of the block around the origin.

MAP COLOUR

When a block is inserted, it is assigned the line colour of the current layer. This block colour is retained if the block is later relayered.

ON

All objects within the block are drawn with the colour of the block.

OFF

The objects in the block are drawn with their original colours. Blocks which contain block objects with colour 0 are drawn with the colour BYLAYER

INSERT

Insert the block once you have set the location, etc.

LIST

List the internal and external blocks contained in your project file. The list includes the block name, whether it is an internal or external block, the view in which the block was created, the number of lines (plines or sets) contained in the block definition, the number of text objects contained in the block definition, the number of inserted blocks of that block definition, and the description of the block.

SAVE

Save a block definition as an external BLK file.

NAME

Select a block definition from this drop-down list box of blocks you have created.

FILE

Enter up to 8 characters for the name of an external .BLK file.

SAVE

Save the block as External and create the .BLK in the current project location. To make the block available in any project, use a file manager to move the .BLK to a location on the TSP such as C:\TMCUSTOM.

MODIFY

Select one block from a list of external blocks that have been inserted and modify it to an internal block. See also MKBLKINT.

MULTIPLE

Place multiple identical blocks on selected points.

Name

Specify the name of the block you want to insert. Pick from a list of blocks already inserted in the project, or type in the name of a block in the Terramodel Search Path.

Pts

Select the points.

SCALE

Set the size of the block relative to the size of the block definition. Most blocks are defined as one unit high so the scale you enter becomes the height of the inserted block in the units of the view. Note that the CIRCLE block is one unit in radius, and point label blocks vary in height as specified. Also enter the rotation of the block around the origin.

MULTIPLE

Insert the blocks on each selected point.

PURGE

Delete selected unused block definitions from the project file. To purge more than 130 block definitions, or purge unused blocks nested in other unused blocks, repeat the Purge. Large numbers of unused blocks imported from .DWG can take hours to purge. To purge all unused blocks in seconds, use GCPURGE instead. You may want to delete missing blocks first with DELBLKS.

Block notes

• Depending on how the blocks were created, GCEXPLOD and EXPLODE explode blocks differently with respect to layers, colours, elevations, names and sets. If one command doesn't do what you hoped, try the other one.
• If the exploded block or text object has an elevation, the pline retains the elevation.
• Points in blocks do not retain their point numbers.
• Blocks can be nested inside blocks, so you may need to repeat.
• Recursive blocks, that contain blocks with same name, cannot be exploded. Simply delete them.
• Blocks imported from DWG or DXF files can include 3DFaces. These become points and sets when the block is exploded in Terramodel. To create a block with 3DFaces of a Terramodel DTM, export that DTM surface as 3DFaces to DWG, block that layer in some CAD program then import as DWG into Terramodel.
• A block with Map colour ON is displayed in the colour of the block; with Map colour OFF, in the colour of the objects in the block.
• Use SCLBLKS to change the map colour status of multiple blocks.
• Use SYM2BLK to replace symbols with blocks.

See also AUTODRAFT, BLKREAD, BLKPTS, GC09, GCBLKFIX, GCINSBLK, HATCH, MKBLK, TEXT2PNT and UNITBLK.

Modify the direction of blocks.

Modify the direction of selected blocks to a new bearing.

Block:

Select blocks

Bearing of Blocks

Enter a new bearing

Modify Block Bearings

Modify the direction of selected blocks to the new bearing

Close

Close command with selected blocks in the new direction

The initial new bearing is the new bearing from the previous BLOCKDIR session.

See also TEXTDIR and ROTATE.

Create an array of blocks for a legend.

Create an array of labelled blocks from selected external blocks.

For an example, see the project file C:\TMCUSTOM\​Geocomp\​Docs\​BLOCKSALL.PRO.

To see charts of our blocks in PDF files, go to DOC​UMENTS; to list internal and external blocks used in a project, use BLOCK LIST; to create an external block in the project folder from an internal block in the project, use BLOCK SAVE; to create a chart of linetypes, use LINETYPS; to make the external blocks internal, use MKBLKINT.

Bluetop report.

Create a bluetop report for a roadjob.

Bluetops are pegs with a blue-painted top surface and blue whiskers placed in the ground to the elevation of the finish course.

Import boreholes from a file.

Import points from a file of bore hole data.

Specify whether the Z values are elevations or depths.

The file format is similar to this example:

See also BHOLE01.

Draw a pline box by two corners.

Draw a rectangular pline on cardinal bearings at specified opposite corners.

See also GCBOX, which prompts for three corners, POLYGON, which prompts for number of sides, centre location and the distance from centre to vertices, PLOTBOX, which prompts for bearing and distances in sheet units, and PAD, which prompts for two points and an elevation.

If the box is to be used for a DYNAVIEW, locate the first corner at the bottom left so that the insertion point of any rectangular dynaview can always be found at the bottom left.

Create pline boxes from dynaview extents.

Create rectangular pline boxes at the extents of selected dynaviews on the selected layer and with the colour of that layer.

The plines are created with the name of the dynaview and refer to the dynaview record.

If a dynaview is rotated, or not rectangular, the extents are larger than the dynaview.

These boxes can be selected by PLOT when plotting in Multiple mode.

Creating these boxes in a distinctive colour can help locate dynaviews.

See also DYNAVIEW, FIXDYNA MVIEW, PLOTBOX and SHOWDYNA.

Break a pline or set into two parts.

Break a pline or set into two parts at location.

Select a pline or set, then a break location. The pline or set is broken into two parts at the location.

Repeat

Enable this checkbox if you want the command to stay open until Cancel is clicked.

Set or pline

Select the set or pline you wish to break.

Break

Enter a location along the line where you want to break it.

A pline cannot be broken within a spiral or vertical curve.

To break a pline or set by removing a segment, use DELETE​SEGMENT.

In Terramodel prior to 10.5, BREAK deletes set segments like DELETE​SEGMENT does now.

Construct a building with perpendicular or angled sides.

Construct a building with perpendicular or angled sides based on positive (right) and negative (left) offsets. Close the building by direct closure to the beginning point or close on a perpendicular to the beginning line. The beginning line can be cut or extended to match the closing line.

See also BLDG, QSET and TRAVPLIN.

Report Compute-A-Grade ditch.

Specify a HAL and chainages to report a ditch in Compute-A-Grade .DRL format.

The TML name is CAGDRL_X. If CAGDRLX does not run from the command line, create an alias from CAGDRLX to CAGDRL_X or enter CAGDRL_X.

Label objects with predefined callout text.

Create, edit, store and use predefined callout styles to label common features.

Quickly label common point and line features, such as kerb inlets, without having to type the text each time.

Stored callout styles define text in the label and may also define leader lines and text borders.

The predefined callout styles save time, look consistent and reduce typing errors.

Callout styles are stored in multiple external .COS libraries in the C:\Program files (x86)\​Trimble\​Terramodel\​Locale\​English and C:\TMCUSTOM\​Geocomp folders in categories. The loaded styles are recorded in TMODWIN.INI and therefore independent of the project. The Geocomp Update loads the geocomp01.cos callout style library.

Callout Options

CALLOUT

Create or edit a callout style, load and clear the styles contained within an external callout style library (.COS) file, and select the callout style to be used.

HAL

If the callout style contains EAT codes for chainage and offset, refer the callout text a horizontal alignment.

LDR / SUBJ

If the callout style contains EAT codes for a subject, refer to that subject. If the callout style includes a leader line, pick the leader line location.

LOC

Enter the insertion point of the callout text. Once you have entered the insertion point location, the coordinates will appear in the Loc box. If you pick a location graphically, the text will be placed. If you enter the coordinates in this control, click on the Text control to place the text.

ROT

Enter a bearing or an angle of rotation (measured from due north) at which the text is to be placed. Valid rotation angles range from 0° to 360° and can include negative angles. The default rotation is 90° which generates horizontal text.

PROPS

Designate a leader line style and a border style and their properties. You can also edit the text object's subject record and its subject HAL record from within this dialog box.

TEXT

Place the text once you have typed it and set the other text parameters to your liking.

See also GC21 which sets the active callout style and GCLABPNT which labels multiple points with EAT text.

Configure plotter carousels.

Select and edit plotter pen carousel definitions.

For Windows printers, each carousel defines the colour, in RGB, and width in mm, for "pens" to be used when plotting.

For HP-GL and HP-GL/2 plotters, each carousel defines a colour, width and pen speed. The colours and widths are used for raster plotters. Use the standard HP-GL RGB values for colours 1-8. The pen speed is used for physical pen plotters.

Use PLOTSET to map the object colour to a pen number and PLOTTER​SET to assign the default carousel for each Plotter Configuration.

To copy a carousel from another computer, use EDITINI to copy the PenDef section from an .INI file such as TMODWIN.INI or C:\TMCustom\​Geocomp\​tmodwin_geocomp_defaults.ini.

Arrange all open views so that all the view names are visible.

Arrange all open views so that all the view names are visible.

Cascade is an ALIAS to MACROPLAY CASCADE which simulates the Cascade command in the Window menu.

Create a catenary pline.

Create a segmented pline, between two attachment locations in the profile view, following the path of a cable suspended between two points.

Enter the weight, tension and horizontal increment.

Create an initial design profile for a cul-de-sac or kerb return.

To create a kerb return,

• Select the kerb return horizontal alignment at Cul-de-sac.
• Click Begin info and select the centreline hal of one road, the vertical offset of the kerb alignment at the start of the kerb and the design profile of that road.
• Click End info and select the centreline hal of the other road, the vertical offset of the kerb alignment at the end of the kerb and the design profile of the other road.
• Click Create to create a profile pline with chainages from the culdesac alignment and four segments containing vertical curves end matching the grades and elevations of the design alignment profiles.

The kerb return has four segments with vertical curves.

See also GC51 and GCPRFEDT.

Recentre views based on chainage of active alignment.

Recentre Plan, Profile, Super and Xsect views by chainage of active alignment at a selected location.

Select a location in the plan, profile, super or xsect views. The plan, profile and super views, if open, are recentred on the horizontal or vertical alignment at the chainage of the location. The active chainage is set to the nearest cross section, and the Xsect view is fitted to the data.

If the selected view is the Xsect, the active chainage is used.

The match button recentres the plan view to the match the profile view.

There are buttons to zoom in or out by 25% and to fit data in all four views.

Ideal for working along a long narrow alignment such as a road, rail or pipe where no roadjob has been defined.

See also ACTIVE, CENVIEW, TPCENVIE and PPSX.

Recentre views based on chainage of road alignment.

Recentre Plan, Profile, Super and Xsect views by chainage of a roadjob at a selected location.

For any selected roadjob, select a location in the plan, profile, super or xsect views. The plan, profile and super views, if open, are recentred on the horizontal or vertical alignment at the chainage of the location. The active chainage is set to the nearest cross section, and the Xsect view is fitted to the data.

If the selected view is the Xsect, the active chainage is used.

The match button uses the centre of the active plan, profile or super view to recentre the other views. If the profile view is active, the plan and super views are scaled to fit the chainage range.

There are buttons to zoom in or out by 25%, to fit data in all four views, and to move to the next or previous chainage and make it active.

Ideal for working along a long narrow alignment such as a road, rail or pipe.

See also ROADJOB, CENTREV, TPCENVIE and PPSX.

Create super­elevation slope alignment from existing crossfall.

For every point in a centreline set, compute the crossfall perpendicular to the HAL from the centreline to left and right edge-of-road sets. These crossfalls are created as slope alignments in the Super view on the current layer so you can design to match existing super­elevation.

Xlines are ignored as these are not interpolated linearly.

Set the start chainage of a horizontal alignment pline.

Set the start chainage (also known as beginning station) of a horizontal alignment pline.

Chainages increase away from the first point or vertex.

Chainage equations assigned by a HALMANAGER are used in registered alignments only.

Station and chainage

CHAINAGE is an alias to STATION command.

If the US English language version is installed, dialogs for commands written by Trimble refer to Station. If British English, these dialogs refer to Chainage.

To select menus which refer to station, use MENUCFG to select a _US.M menu file. To refer to Chainage, select a different .M file.

This TML List refers to Chainage and sometimes also to Station.

Check attributes.

Check attributes for errors such as duplicates.

See also FYATBEDIT and DISPFEAT.

Check and correct roadway alignment registration.

Check and correct roadway alignment registration.

See also GCSUBGDE, GCDTMGDE and CHKRDDTM.

Check road DTM and add breaklines across roads.

Check a DTM of a road, add a DTM edge or add breaklines in the direction of the Xlines.

See also CHEKROAD and ROADSETS.

Replace selected attributes based on a dictionary.

Replace attribute names or attribute values of selected objects according to a dictionary file.

Change colour bylayer to colour by colour number.

For every selected object that has colour number = 0 (= BYLAYER), change the colour number to the colour of the layer.

Objects of Colour 0 cannot be selected by colour in any command, so select by any other method. Once CHNGCOLR has changed the colour number, you will be able to select them by colour.

The displayed colour will not appear to change until and unless you change the layer of the object or the colour in the layer settings.

Select all objects by view to change from colour-by-layer convention to colour-by-object convention.

To change from colour-by-object to colour-by-layer, COLOUR by view to colour 0.

Change elevation by point name

Change the elevation of all selected points to match the numeric value of the name.

All digits and the last decimal point in the name are considered; all other characters are ignored, for example:

You may need to tidy up the names with GC01, SNR or CHNGNAME first.

Replace characters in names based on a dictionary.

Replace characters in names of selected records according to a selected dictionary file.

Change the name of selected objects by replacing any string of characters in the name that matches the left-hand field from the list with the corresponding string of characters in the right-hand field. Where there is no match, the name is not modified.

Do not use to change names of blocks or text.

Options

Recs:

Select any objects to be renamed.

Stop after 1st Match

Matches are found by working down the dictionary file in order. Stop after the first match or allow multiple changes to the name.

Start Char Loc: and End:

Limit changes to within a range of character positions

Dic:

Enter the name and location of a dictionary file created in a text editor. Use ' and , for delimiters. End the file with an empty new line.

Browse

Browse to select a dictionary file

Edit

Edit the dictionary file in the text editor which is the default app for that file type. For example, use Windows Settings to chose Notepad as the default app for .dic files.

OK

Modify the names according to the dictionary

Cancel

Close the command without modifying names

Examples

C:\TMCUSTOM\​Geocomp\​CHNGNAME.DIC is an example of a dictionary file for substituting CGRDVOL grid labels.

'Row   1 Col   1','A1'

'Row   1 Col   2','B1'

'Row   1 Col   3','C1'

'Row   1 Col   4','D1'

'Row   1 Col   5','E1'

'Row   2 Col   6','A2'

'Row   2 Col   7','B2'

'Row   2 Col   8','C2'

'Row   2 Col   9','D2'

'Row   2 Col  10','E2'

See also

CHNGTEXT

Change multiple text objects using a dictionary file.

SNR

Find and Replace in objects

SNRFILE

Find and Replace in external files

CHTXT

Find and replace stations with chainages

Replace selected text based on a dictionary.

Replace characters in selected text records according to a dictionary file.

Change selected text objects by replacing any string of characters in the text that matches the left-hand field from the list with the corresponding string of characters in the right-hand field.

Matches are found by working down the dictionary file in order.

Options

Text:

Select text

Match text width

If the new text is a different length, adjust the text width attributes to maintain the previous length.

Stop after First Match

Stop after the first match or allow multiple changes to the text.

Dic:

Enter the name and location of a dictionary file created in a text editor. Use ' and , for delimiters. End the file with an empty new line.

Browse

Browse to select a dictionary file

Edit

Edit the dictionary file in the text editor which is the default app for that file type. For example, use Windows Settings to chose Notepad as the default app for .dic files.

OK

Modify the text according to the dictionary

Cancel

Close the command without modifying text

Examples

Create your dictionary in a text editor or edit a copy of C:\TMCUSTOM\​GEOCOMP\​CHNGTEXT.DIC.

Refer to characters by their three-​digit decimal ASCII value. For example, \010 for new line and \176 for degree (°) sign. What you see depends on the font. Not all fonts contain all characters. For example, in some fonts degree sign is \127. Using fonts such as symbol.fnt, you can specify a symbol by this method.

EAT codes are treated like any other text. For example, '\SUB{Z,3}','\SUB{Z,4}' modifies the number of displayed decimal places in elevations from three to four. If the EAT includes a Name, use CHNGNAME to change the name instead.

These are examples of using a dictionary to change the presentation language:

#Dictionary file format

# Lines with first char as # are ignored

#  use ' character as limiter

#'Current Text','New Text'

#

#'English',​'Espanol'

'Feasibility Study',​'Estudio de factibilidad'

'Road design',​'D seño decarretera'

'North',​'Norte'

'Cross-Section',​'Corte'

#

#'English',​'Francais'

'CHAINAGE',​'PK'

'CH',​'PK'

'SCALES',​'ECHELLE'

'SCALE',​'ECHELLE'

'Scale',​'Echelle'

'LONGITUDINAL SECTION',​'Profil en Long'

'CROSS SECTIONS',​'Profil en Travers'

'OFFSET',​'Distance du centre'

In the example above, 'CHAINAGE' is listed above 'CH'. If instead 'CH' is listed before 'CHAINAGE', and "Stop after 1st match" is not been selected, you get 'PKAINAGE', not 'PK'.

See also

SNR

Find and Replace

SNRFILE

Find and Replace in external files

CHNGNAME

Change names by dictionary file

CHTXT

Change station text to chainage text

Report chainage, offset and height difference for selected selected points from DTM.

Select a HAL, a Design DTM and some points and then report the Point Number, Chainage, Offset, Point Elevation, Design DTM Elevation, Elevation Difference and Name.

If you also select an Existing DTM, the report shows Ch, Offset, Design elevation, Point elevation, elevation differences from point to design, diff from existing to design, and Name.

The report can include Easting and Northing, a stripping depth and comma-separation for saving as a .CSV

Convert stationing text to chainage text.

Convert text objects representing distance along an alignment from USA stationing format, for example nn+nnn.nn, to UK and Australian chainage format, for example CH nnnnn.nn.

See also CHNGTEXT and SNR.

Create a circular pline.

Create a closed pline of four equal arcs centred on a specified location, with a specified radius.

Remove superfluous points from sets and plines.

Remove duplicate sequential, 2D and arc points from selected sets and vertices from zero-length plines. Any such accidentally created points and vertices can cause commands to behave in unexpected ways.

More precisely:

• Delete from sets every point that has the same point number as the previous point,
• Delete the last point in a set if it is an arc centre,
• Delete sets which are zero-length arcs,
• Remove all centre-points from two-point sets,
• Remove from zero-length plines all splines and any more than two vertices, and
• Relayer to layer 0 every point in a set that has no elevation and is at the same X,Y location as any point with an elevation.
• Report all the changes, if requested.

See also DUPLTRIS.

Clear text from the message scroll window.

See also MESSAGESCROLL.

Clip plines and sets to boundaries.

Clip plines or sets where they cross selected closed boundaries.

Each object is broken at every boundary, then clipped parts are deleted.

Mode

Inside

Break selected objects crossing the boundaries then delete all parts inside any of the boundaries.

Outside

Break selected objects crossing the boundaries then delete all parts not inside all of the boundaries.

Break

Break all objects at the boundaries without deleting any parts.

The boundaries can be closed plines or text objects. The clipping boundary of text objects is at the extent of the text scaled by the text clip margin defined in DRAFTSET. The location of the insertion point determines whether the text is inside or outside.

• To clip multiple objects outside one closed boundary, use CLIP Outside.
• To clip multiple objects inside one closed boundary, use CLIP Inside.
• To break multiple objects at one closed boundary, use CLIP Break.
• To break one set or pline at a location, use BREAK.
• To remove segments from sets or plines, use DELETE​SEGMENT.
• To clip multiple objects outside all selected boundaries, use CLIPOUT.
• To trim or extend multiple plines to an open boundary, use GCEXTEND.
• To trim one pline or set to a distance or to one or more boundaries, use TRIM.
• To trim or extend selected plines to a maximum length, use GC88.
• To clip DTMs, use GCCLIP.
• To clip and merge DTMs, use DTMMATCH, GC33, GC33MULT, GCCLIP or GCMERGE.
• To automatically clip contours, profiles and cross sections from dead regions, see SETSMOOTH.
• To clip Xlines, use GCXLINES.
• To clip hatching or other blocks, use EXPLODE or GCEXPLOD then CLIP Outside.
• To clip a block to a dynaview, see BLOCK and SCLBLKS.
• To clip an image, use IMAGE Clip or Dynaimage.
• To clip subsurface lines in cross sections, see RDDESIGNSET.
• To clip a road template at a surface, see SHAPE Tie to ground.
• To clip contours under labels during creation, use CONTOURSET .
• To clip objects to text, use CLIP Inside.
• To create solid hatching behind text, use TEXTBACK. If the hatching is the same colour as the background, this looks the same as clipping objects to text.
• To display objects obscured by other objects, use RENUMREC.

Clip objects outside multiple boundaries.

Clip all objects outside all selected boundaries.

Break selected objects at selected boundaries then delete all parts of the selected objects outside any of the boundaries.

For other variations on clipping, see CLIP.

The TML name is CLIP_OUT. If CLIPOUT does not run from the command line, create an alias from CLIPOUT to CLIP_OUT or enter CLIP_OUT.

Close the current project without exiting Terramodel.

Close the current project file (.PRO) and the corresponding project lock (.PLK) file that was opened with the project.

Close selected sets and plines.

For selected sets and plines, create a segment from the end to the start.

Optionally, use name masks from a file.

See also ISCLOSED.

Open Windows command prompt.

Open Windows command prompt.

Modify the color of selected objects.

Modify the color number of selected objects to a single specified color number in the range 0 to 255.

Objects with color 0 are reported as having color BYLAYER, and are displayed in the point or line color of their layer.

Blocks with Map Color flag turned ON are displayed in the color of the block. Blocks with Map Color flag turned OFF are displayed in the color of the objects in the block.

Since Terramodel 10.40, COLOR command is normally installed with US English but not with British English.

If COLOR command is not available, either

• Enter COLOUR at the command line
• ALIAS from COLOUR to COLOR
, or
• Install COLOR.TML available from Geocomp Systems.

Modify the colour of points relative to a tunnel design.

Modify the colour of points by 3D distance from the current roadway.

Operation

1. Create and make current a roadway template defining a tunnel
2. Use TUNNELDTM to unwrap a layer of points to be compared with the tunnel design
3. Run COLORCODE to select points and modify colours

   Tunnel Layer

   Select an unwrapped layer of points to compare with the design

   Select points:

   Select points on the selected layer

   Settings

   Limits and ranges

   Assign colour numbers within ranges of 3D distances.

   Create|Modify point

   Create new points on a new layer or modify the colour of existing points

   Layer

   Specify a new layer for new points

   Assign offset to elevation

   Assign 3D distances to the elevations of new points

   Interpolation spacing

   Interpolate 3D distances from cross sections extracted at the specified spacing

   Colour

   Modify the colours

   Close

   Close the command

See also

COLORPT

Modify colour all points on layer by elevation and contour interval

HDMS

Modify colour by depth

Installation

Since Terramodel 10.40, COLORCODE is normally installed with US English but not with British English.

If COLORCODE is not available, try

• Enter COLOURCODE at the command line
• Delete ALIAS from COLORCODE to COLORCODE
• Create ALIAS from COLOURCODE to COLOURCODE

Change the colour of plines by contour interval.

Increment the colour number of selected pline contours based on elevation.

Change the colour of plines, with elevations, within each normal contour interval, to the next colour number. The colour numbers increment by 1 and repeat when the specified number of colours is reached.

Use COLORCON with other commands. Here are some examples:

Bands of colour

To colour isopachs of pavement depth at 0.1m intervals in 1.0m bands

1. CONTOURSET the normal interval to 0.1 and Index interval to 1
2. CONTOUR the isopach surface
3. CONTOURSET the normal interval to 1.0
4. COLORCON with, say 20, colours—a number large enough so the colours don't start repeating
5. Modify COLOUR by colour if required.

Reduce the number of contours

To remove every second contour pline supplied at an interval of 0.25

1. CONTOURSET the normal interval to 0.25
2. COLORCON with number of colours = 2
3. DELETE the contour plines with elevations ending in .25 or .75 by colour

Ribbon effect

To modify the colour to match the last digit of the elevation

1. CONTOURSET the normal interval to 1
2. CONTOUR the surface
3. COLORCON with number of colours = 10

Contours with an elevation ending in 1 will be coloured 1, those ending in 2 will be coloured 2, and so on. Contours with an elevation ending in zero (0) will have colour 15 as the colour, since zero is reserved to designate colour by layer.

Change Index contour

To change the index contour of supplied contour plines from 0.25 to 1.0

1. CONTOURSET the normal interval to 0.25
2. COLORCON with number of colours = 4
3. RELAYER the 1.0 interval contour plines by colour
4. COLOUR the contours by layer

If your contour interval is less than 1.0m, use the COLORCON installed with the Geocomp Update.

COLOURCON is an alias for COLORCON.

See also

COLORPT

Modify point colours by contour interval

GCCOLCON

Colour contours by cut and fill

SHADEDTM

Hatch by elevation range

3DVISUALISER

Create an image coloured by elevation range

COLORCODE or COLOURCODE

Modify point colours by 3D distances from the current roadway.

Modify the colour of points by contour interval.

Modify the colour number of selected points by increment withing elevation ranges.

Modify the colour of points by elevation ranges determnined by the normal interval in CONTOURSET. The colour numbers increment by 1 and repeat when the specified number of colours is reached.

Colouring points by elevation helps you visualize the direction of the ground slope and identify points considered spikes or depressions.

Colour 15 is used in place of colour 0. If you specify the number of colours as 5, the colour numbers used will be 15, 1, 2, 3, and 4.

For example, to colour points within bands of 1.0m elevation,

1. CONTOURSET the normal interval to 1.0
2. COLORCON with number of colours large enough so the colours don't start repeating
3. Modify COLOUR by colour if required.

See also

COLORCON

Colour contour plines by interval in a similar way

COLORCODE or COLOURCODE

Modify point colours by 3D distances from the current roadway.

Modify the colour of selected objects.

Change the colour number of selected objects to a single specified colour number in the range 0 to 255.

Objects with colour 0 are reported as having colour BYLAYER, and are displayed in the point or line colour of their layer.

Blocks with Map Colour flag turned ON are displayed in the colour of the block. Blocks with Map Colour flag turned OFF are displayed in the colour of the objects in the block.

Since Terramodel 10.40, COLOUR command is normally installed with British English but not with US English.

If COLOUR command is not available, either

• Enter COLOR at the command line
• ALIAS from COLOR to COLOUR
, or
• Install COLOUR.TML available from Geocomp Systems.

Modify the colour of points relative to a tunnel design.

Modify the colour of points by 3D distance from the current roadway.

Operation

1. Create and make current a roadway template defining a tunnel
2. Use TUNNELDTM to unwrap a layer of points to be compared with the tunnel design
3. Run COLOURCODE to select points and modify colours

   Tunnel Layer

   Select an unwrapped layer of points to compare with the design

   Select points:

   Select points on the selected layer

   Settings

   Limits and ranges

   Assign colour numbers within ranges of 3D distances.

   Create|Modify point

   Create new points on a new layer or modify the colour of existing points

   Layer

   Specify a new layer for new points

   Assign offset to elevation

   Assign 3D distances to the elevations of new points

   Interpolation spacing

   Interpolate 3D distances from cross sections extracted at the specified spacing

   Colour

   Modify the colours

   Close

   Close the command

See also

COLORPT

Modify colour all points on layer by elevation and contour interval

HDMS

Modify colour by depth

Installation

Since Terramodel 10.40, COLOURCODE is normally installed with British English but not with US English.

If COLOURCODE is not available, try

• Enter COLORCODE at the command line
• Delete ALIAS from COLOURCODE to COLORCODE
• Create ALIAS from COLORCODE to COLOURCODE

Modify colours and linetypes of selected objects by layer.

Modify the colours and linetypes of selected objects according the layer of the object and a mapping file. The file format is

layer,colour,linetype

See geocomp.lcl for an example.

COLORLINE and COLOURLINE alias to COLRLINE. See also LAYERMAP, GC16 and GC16ADC.

Command line.

Open a new command line.

Open a new command line so that a command can be entered from the keyboard while another command is still active.

To start a new command line, select Command from the File menu or press Ctrl+Shift+C.

If you open a new command line while you are still in a command, when this command is complete, control is returned to the previous command.

If the command line has disappeared, see Command​Toggle.

See also CMD.

Toggle on or off the visibility of the command line.

Toggle an invisible command line on, select Command line from the Window menu.

The command line toggle only controls visibility, unlike COMMAND in the File menu which opens a new command line on top of the current command.

Command​Toggle is an ALIAS to MACRO​PLAY COMMANDTOGGLE which simulates the Command line command in the Window menu.

Place a compass rose.

Place a compass rose block with true north and optional magnetic deviation and date of survey.

Requires comp-tn.blk and comp-mn.blk which are supplied with the TML.

Compactor Grid Settings.

Compactor Grid Settings.

Report road thickness conformance.

Report whether a road design and subgrade have been constructed with a pavement thickness within tolerance.

Compare selected as-built survey points with a roadway design surface.

The design surface could be a roadway or a finish surface defined in surface manager.

In the Settings, specify a bottom DTM for thickness calculations, a chainage grouping distance, a depth from design, upper and lower elevation tolerances and maximum and minimum thicknesses.

The report shows, for each as-built point within the roadway, the chainage, horizontal offset, point elevation, roadway elevation, point conformance and pavement thickness.

The point conformance compares the elevation of each surveyed point with the elevation of the design surface, less any specified depth from design. If the elevation difference is out of tolerance, the report also shows the tolerance and the amount outside tolerance.

The pavement thickness check compares the elevation of each surveyed point with the bottom DTM. If the thickness is out of tolerance, the report shows the maximum or minimum thickness and the amount outside tolerance.

The report also includes a summary with tolerance percentages, maxima, minima and standard deviation.

For example, suppose you are constructing a road with 130mm (+/- 5mm) asphalt over 300mm (+/-10mm) crushed rock. Construct the subgrade at what's supposed to be 430mm below design. Survey the subgrade to get the "Bottom DTM". Place the rock. Survey again to get "AsBuilt Pts". In CONFORM command, select the design road and AsBuilt Pts. In Settings, enter a depth from design of 0.13, maximum thickness of 0.310 and minimum thickness of 0.290. Reconstruct the rock surface where outside conformance. Resurvey. Rerun CONFORM with the new AsBuilt Pts and other values the same to prove conformance and to create a new Bottom DTM. Place the asphalt. Survey the asphalt. Rerun CONFORM with same design road, new AsBuilt Pts, depth from design 0.00, max thickness 0.135 and min thickness 0.125.

Connect two plines or sets across a gap.

Connect two plines or two sets to form a single pline or set connected by a new segment across the gap between the ends nearest to the selected locations.

Pick anywhere on the object nearest the end that you wish to be connected to the other line.

The resulting object retains the properties of the first object including colour and record number. Any objects that refer to either object line thereafter refer to the modified object.

Tick "Repeat" to select the other end of the second line as the nearest end of the first line. Click Cancel to close the command.

See also JOIN which requires the ends to have common locations.

Help Contents.

Open Contents page with Help for Terramodel.

Open a Table of Contents, Index and Search tabs for Terramodel Help, Import-Export Help and Raw Data Editor Help. CONTENTS can be enabled on any Windows version prior to Windows 10.

These Help pages describe standard commands which are included with all Terramodel 10.61 licences and may require additional modules.

Table of Contents

• Terramodel
• How to use Terramodel
• Menu Options
• Terramodel Commands
• Terramodel and Geodimeter
• Import-Export
  • Download/Import Introduction
  • Export/Upload Introduction
  • Device Options
  • Download
  • Import (Command)
  • Export (Command)
  • Upload
  • Import/Export Scripts
  • Import/Export Script Managers
• The Raw Data Editor
  • Intro to the Raw data Editor
  • RDE Features
  • Field Data Reduction - Fast Start
  • RDE Dialog box
  • Terramodel Graphics Interface
  • Surveying Basics with RDE
  • RDE - Calculation methods
  • Key names, Data Tags

Other ways to get Help

If CONTENTS is enabled, pressing F1 while using any of these standard commands, often opens Help at a relevant page.

If Geocomp Update L, M or N has been installed, Index tabs for specific Help files are also available from Index or Index + Search in the Help menu of menu files supplied by Geocomp Systems that can be selected from C:\​TMCustom\​Geocomp with MENUCFG.

Help files can be opened at the command line by entering HELPTM, HELPIE, HELPRDE, HELPTOOLBOX, HELPTVL, HELPTV or HELPGFE.

GFE, RDE, TOOLBOX, TV and 3D Visualiser commands have Help in their menus.

This TMLLIST includes all the commands in the Help and many other commands.

WinHlp32

CONTENTS requires Microsoft WinHlp32 to be installed. WinHlp32 is standard for Windows XP, optional for Windows Vista, 7, 8 and 8.1 and not available for Windows 10. If WinHlp32 is not enabled, a webpage with further instructions and links to the required Microsoft update will open instead. See How to use Terramodel Help for more information.

See also ABOUT, GCHELP and DOCUMENTS.

Extract pline contours from a DTM.

Create plines interpolated from a DTM at elevation intervals.

The extent of the DTM is controlled by LINKSET Settings.

The intervals, labelling, linetypes and layers are controlled by CONTOUR​SET.

The contours are created in the view that has the most contourable points on the specified layer. This DTM view is not necessarily the Plan view or the current view.

Create plines at a specified contour elevation.

Create contour plines everywhere a specified elevation intersects a specified DTM layer.

The labelling and minimum length are controlled by CONTOUR​SET.

Configure contour settings.

Set the contour interval and labeling values for use by contouring commands.

For example, to CONTOUR at 0.25 m intervals and label index contours at 1.0 m intervals, specify a Normal interval of 0.25, an Index interval of 4 and a Label nth contour value of 4

Labeling

Label nth contour

The label interval factor, or the number of normal intervals per labelled contour

Dist. between labels

The distance along the contours at which the labels will be placed

Label text style

The text style used to label the contours

Border style

The text border style for the contour labels

Mirror elevation

Label contours with negative elevations with positive values, and vice versa

Clip lines under labels

Clip index contour lines within their elevation labels with text clip margins set by DRAFTSET

Force placement of labels

Place labels based strictly on the distance between labels, or move the label at bends if needed. Clipping text at bends can change the shape of contours.

Label contours

Label those contours with elevations that are evenly divisible by the normal interval multiplied by the label nth contour interval factor

Label ends of open contours

Label the ends of open contour plines

Line construction

Normal interval

Create normal contour plines on contour layers where the elevation is evenly divisible by the normal interval but not by the index interval

Index interval

Create contour plines on index contour layers where the elevation is evenly divisible by the normal interval multiplied by the index interval factor

Minimum length

Enter the minimum length of contour plines

Splining

None

Do not smooth contour plines

B Spline

Smooth contour plines using B-spline curves which pass inside the control points (vertices)

Overhauser

Smooth contour plines with Overhauser curves that pass through the control points (vertices) and remain tangential to line segments

Exponential

Create contours at exponential intervals for surfaces such as bacterial concentration and corrosivity

Show depression contours

Creates the lowest contour line in a depression using a specified linetype such as DEPRESSION

Layer assignment

Normal

Specify the layer for normal contours. You can use * as a wildcard for the DTM layer name. For example, enter *_CON to create normal contours extracted from the DTM_EXIST layer on layer DTM_EXIST_CON.

Index

Specify the layer for index contours. You can use * as a wildcard for the DTM layer name. For example, enter *_ICON to create index contours extracted from the DTM_EXIST layer on layer DTM_EXIST_ICON.

Overwrite layers

Delete all objects on the contour and index contour layers before creating new contour plines

See also CONTOUR​ATELEV to create a contour at one elevation only, COLORCON to colour plines by interval, COLORPT to colour points by interval, COLORCON to colour by positive or negative elevation, GCMULCON and GCONECON to set contour elevations of plines by interval, LABEL​CONTOURS to label individual contours and LINKSET to display quick contours at the normal interval.

Compute volumes from contour plines.

Computes volumes for individual mounds or depressions based on contour plines.

The volumes are obtained by using the average-end-area method, where the area of a closed contour is determined, then averaged with an adjacent contour, and multiplied by the contour interval to obtain an incremental volume. Incremental volumes are then added together to obtain a total volume.

This method is less accurate than that of the EARTHWORK command, but can provide an alternative approximation of mound and depression volumes.

You can use the ContourVol command in two different modes:

Line

Select a series of closed contour plines representing a mound or depression. Click the Volume button to display the accumulated volume in the message scroll area. If you wish to display a more detailed report that can be saved or sent to a printer, click the Report button.

Digitizer

Digitize closed contours representing a mound or depression.

1. Input the elevation of the first contour using the Elev elevation control.
2. Digitize a series of points for the first contour using the Loc point control. You must provide a minimum of three points for each contour.
3. If you select points by typing coordinates in the Loc point control, click the Pt. button to enter the point and proceed to the next point.
4. When you are done digitising points, click the End button to close the contour.
5. Repeat for successive contours until you have defined the mound or depression.
6. Click the Report button to display a detailed report that can be saved or sent to a printer.

The selected contours must be closed, assigned an elevation, and form a continuously rising mound or a continuously falling depression. If the contours are open due to labels, use GCMATCH to create plines across the gaps, then JOIN the contours.

Convert degrees, minutes and seconds (DMS) to decimal degrees or decimal to DMS.

Convert X and Y coordinates of selected points from ddd.mmss format to decimal degrees or decimal degrees to ddd.mmss format.

For example, a point at 123°27′24.4″ East, 89°39′15.6″ North, imported into Terramodel at 123.27244,89.39156, can be transformed by CONVDMS into decimal degrees at 123.45678, 89.65433.

DMS data can be stored in real-number fields using ddd.mmss format long as the applications that process those fields understand how to parse them. These can be imported from .CSV files into Terramodel as X and Y coordinates without error messages, but such coordinates will be incorrect for use in Terramodel until they are transformed to decimal degrees. Often, such coordinates are then transformed to metres or feet.

If your ASCII data includes other characters such as °, or spaces, remove them before importing into Terramodel.

Functions

Pts:

Select points to be transformed

From DDD.MMSS to DEC Degrees

Specify transformation from DMS to Decimal degrees

From DEC Degrees to DDD.MMSS

Specify transformation from Decimal degrees to DMS

Report

Report the new coordinates to P3Pad

Swap X and Y

Swap Lat|Long to Long|Lat during the transformation if required

OK

Complete the transformation

Cancel

Close the command without transforming any points

To convert from decimal degrees to feet or metres, use GCCOORD or COORDCON to select a From coordinate system with a name that starts with LL.

GCCOORD expresses and expects Latitudes south of the equator to be expressed as negative values. To convert Northings to Southings or vice versa, use GC56 with Y*-1.

The TML name is CONV_DMS. If CONVDMS does not run from the command line, create an alias from CONVDMS to CONV_DMS or enter CONV_DMS.

Convert sets to plines or plines to sets.

Convert sets to plines or plines to sets. Any lines that are already of the desired type are not converted.

Colour, linetypes and layer names are retained. Names, start chainage and other attributes are not retained.

Convert Options

Lines

Select the lines to be converted

To (Set or Pline)

Select the desired type of lines

Del old

Delete the original lines

Dup pts ok

If ON, create all new points for sets; if OFF, connect sets to any existing points at the vertices

Lay

Create the new plines or sets on the current layer. If OFF, create on the same layer as the original object.

Tips on using Convert

GCCONVRT

GCCONVRT is an alternative which retains all the attributes such as Name and is much faster.

Dup pts ok

CONVERT can take a long time to convert a lot of plines to sets, especially if "Dup pts ok" is OFF.

Duplicate point removal

Use DTM formation or GC31 instead of CONVERT to remove duplicate points.

Elevation

When converting a set to a pline, the elevation of the new pline is derived from the first point in the set.

Plines and sets

You will keep or lose information specific to the object type. Plines converted to sets lose any spirals and splines. Sets converted to plines lose links to points and therefore their elevations. Sets which are lots lose lot number labels.

Visibility

Any hidden sets segments are omitted resulting in multiple plines. To control the visibility of set segments see DISPLAY​SET Ignore hide, HIDE and REVEAL.

Arcs

When converting a pline to a set, a new point object is created for the radius point and at each PC and PT. If multiple arcs use the same arc points, duplicate points will be created at each arc point.

Chords

To create new sets or plines made up of straight segments, use GCCHORD.

Set slope convention.

Define the slope convention (ratio preference) according your local practice.

Choose either Horizontal run: vertical rise (e.g. 4:1) or Vertical rise: horizontal run (e.g. 1:4).

These conventions can be overridden by Terramodel settings or report formats. Even within the one project, the convention may vary, so check in each case.

Convert between coordinate systems with a look-up table that emphasises USA and UTM.

Convert points, plines, blocks and text between predefined geodetic coordinate systems using predefined ellipsoids and datums by the seven-​parameter or NTv2 distortion grid method.

Operation

Select From and To Coordinate Systems

Select Search to select the From and To coordinate systems.

World regions

Select a region of the world then select a system from that region from the drop-down list.

Define ellipsoid | Define datum | Define CS

If desired coordinate systems are not in any of the regional lists, new ellipsoids, datums and coordinate systems can be defined. Geocomp Systems adds new definitions requested by Customer Care Members. Add coordinate systems from a file by ADDMAPSY.

List selected

List details of the selected coordinate system.

List all

List details of every available ellipsoid, datum and coordinate system.

Any point

List the coordinates of a location in both From and To coordinate systems.

Multiple objects

Select Objs:

Select objects to be transformed.

List

List the coordinates of selected points in both From and To coordinate systems.

Convert

Transform the coordinates of select objects from the From coordinate system to the To coordinate system.

Notes

The look-up tables in COORDCON emphasise USA and UTM coordinate systems. GCCOORD is a similar command that transforms the same coordinate systems but which emphasises Australian and New Zealand systems. Both call the same Mentor database files COORDSYS, DATUMS and ELIPSOID files in C:\Program files (x86)\​Trimble\​Shared\​Mentor.dir. Both commands require COGO module. "List selected" in GCCOORD shows more details.

Coordinate systems with names that start with LL use latitudes and longitudes. The others use eastings and northings.

The principles and operation are described in detail in Terramodel 10 User's Guide Chapter 13: Using Coordcon

Commands that transform coordinates using the same database

GCLLGRID

Draw Latitude and Longitude grids and labels

FYATBOUT, GCKMLIN, GCKMLOUT, LLTABLE and SHADOW

Some other related commands

Commands that use other transformation systems

GC07 and GRIDPLAN

Transform when either coordinate system is not geodetic

MEASUNIT

Convert between foot and metre coordinate systems

CSM and GEOSYS

Manage Trimble coordinate systems

HELPGEOCALC

Help for GeoCalc 4.20, a stand-alone 7-parameter tranformation application.

Display the Coordinate Scroll.

Display cursor coordinate data on a separate scroll dialog.

The data displayed varies depending on the current command, the current control type (locate, bearing, distance, offset, station, point, etc.) and the active view mode (plan, profile, sheet, cross section, etc.).

Coordinate Scroll Options

COORDINATES

When the cursor is in the Plan view, the scroll displays the Northing and Easting. In the profile view, it displays the station and elevation; in the cross section view, the offset and elevation; and in the sheet view, X and Y.

GPS COORDINATES

Reserved for future use.

3-D DIGITIZER

Used when the digitizer responds with X, Y and Z values.

DELTA COORDINATES

Show the change in coordinate values from the anchor point to the rubber band cursor in the current view mode units.

BEARING-​DISTANCE

Show the bearing and distance from the anchor point to the rubber band cursor when in the plan view mode. In the profile or cross section views, show the grade and distance.

CHAINAGE( or STATION)-​OFFSET

With a rubber band cursor and an active chainage control, the chainage and offset relative to a selected alignment is shown in the plan view mode. When the cursor is rubber banding in the plan view, a single line showing the chainage will be shown in profile view and the offset in the cross section view. When rubber banding in the profile view mode the chainage and the difference in elevation from the selected alignment to the cursor is shown.

LAYER-​ELEVATION

Shows the current DTM layer and the elevation on the DTM at the cursor location. Set the current DTM layer first using DTMCH, SPOT or some other command that requires a DTM.

SLOPE-​ASPECT

Shows the slope of the TIN on the current DTM layer at the cursor location and the direction of the surface slope. This option must be used in conjunction with the above layer-​elevation option, to establish the current DTM layer.

VISIBLE

Controls the visibility of the coordinate scroll.

SAVE

Saves the current settings to the TMODWIN.INI file and exits the command.

DONE

Keeps the current settings for the current session without updating the TMODWIN.INI file and exits the command.

Coordinate Scroll tips

• Use the title bar to drag the scroll to a new location.
• Minimize the scroll to an icon by clicking its minimize button.
• Maximize the scroll by double-clicking the minimized Coordinates icon.
• The coordinate scroll always opens on the primary display, even if you moved it to another display.
• VIEWSET configures the coordinate scroll labels in each view.
• Control the number of decimal places for CoordScroll display, and the precision of graphically entered points using a digitizer, by adding or modifying CoordNdec=x in TMODWIN.INI under [CoordScroll].
• Fix Status Bar / System, etc in EDITINI makes the coordinate scroll visible with coordinates, bearings, distances, stations and offsets, moves the scroll to a fixed location, updates the number of decimal places to match UNITSSET Precision.
• If you lose the coordinate scroll, check that the scroll is "Visible". The scroll always opens on the primary display, and then can be moved to another display. If you still can't find the coordinate scroll, use RECOVERSCROLL or CORDSCRL or Fix Status Bar / System, etc in EDITINI.
• Import [CoordScroll] settings from an .INI with EDITINI.

See also

GC75

Report distance and grade between sets or plines

IDSTATION

Report station | Chainage at cursor

GCDTMDIF

Report DTM differences at cursor

GCSPOT

Report DTM elevation at cursor

GCDTMDIF

Report DTM differences at cursor

Copy selected objects to a new location or layer.

Duplicate selected objects on a new layer or at a new location.

Options

3d

If ticked, specify the From and To coordinates as X,Y,Z, rather than X,Y.

Lay

If ticked, copy the objects to the current layer, otherwise to their original layers.

From

If not blank, the location from which the distance and direction is computed.

From

If not blank, the location to which the distance and direction is computed

Tips

• The coordinate order is controlled by VIEWSET.
• The objects are moved by the distance and direction from the From location to the To location.
• To enter a known coordinate shift, enter 0,0 (or 0,0,0 if 3D), in "From" and dX,dY( or dX,dY,dZ) in "To".
• To assign starting point numbers for new points, use the "Start Pn" setting of POINTSET.
• Not all properties are retained. For example, colours, names and contourability can be modified or omitted.
• To copy objects to another layer without changing their location, while retaining many of the properties, use GCCOPY.
• To make multiple copies, use MULTICOPY.

Copy a roadjob to a new roadjob.

Copy a roadjob to a new roadjob retaining all roadways, registered alignments and phases.

This allows you to quickly recompute a new design without having to re-enter all the values or lose the old design.

The Settings allow you to choose whether to copy surfaces, design templates, subgrade templates, skips, super­elevations, design settings or mass haul information.

Copy one roadjob into a different roadjob.

Copy all roadways from one road job to a different roadjob.

This allows you to merge two road jobs. To copy some roadways, copy the whole roadjob then delete the roadways you don't want.

The Settings allow you to choose whether to copy surfaces, design templates, subgrade templates or supe​relevations.

Copy a roadway template to other templates with the same name.

Update all design or subgrade templates in a roadway which have the same template name by copying the design of a nominated template.

This saves having to repeat the same edits to multiple templates with the same template name or repeatedly use the Copy button in TMANAGER.

Recover a lost coordinate scroll dialog.

If you cannot see the coordinate scroll dialog and you have made it Visible in COORDS, type CORDSCRL, or RECOVERSCROLL (an alias for CORDSCRL), to recover the scroll by resetting the scroll coordinates to approximately 600 pixels down and 600 across from the top left corner of the primary display. You can then move the scroll to where you prefer.

Visible coordinate scrolls always open on the primary display. You can then move the coordinate scroll to another display.

See also EDITINI which recovers the coordinate scroll position and visibility and resets other settings.

Count the number of objects of each type in each view.

Report the number of points, plines, text, sets, tables, attributes, dynaviews or blocks that exist in the Plan, Profile, Sheet, XSect, Super, View6, View7 or View8 views.

Only used object types and populated views are counted.

See also

OLIST

A very similar command which is often an alias for COUNT

OLIST2

Count the same objects as COUNT and OLIST and report to P3pad

LAYINFO

Count the number of objects and points by layer for selected objects

DTMINFO

Count the number of points on DTM layers

LIST

List layers, objects, points, unused points, sets, plines and lots

VIEWSET

View settings including view names

Import lists of layers in layer lists.

Import layer lists, layers, layer colours and layer linetypes from a file

The format of the input file is layer_list,​layer_name,​line_colour,​point_colour,​linetype.

Start all comment lines with the character "#". The first line should be a comment line. Include the word "Update" anywhere after the # on the first line to update all layers in the input file, otherwise colours and linetypes apply to new layers only.

If the file contains any new layers, you are prompted whether to import new layers or import only the layer lists and retain the pre-existing layers.

Only the layer list and layer name fields are required. Background prominence is not imported.

Use LLISTSET to check that the layer lists have been created correctly.

Use LLRPT to export a file suitable for use with CREATELL.

See also CSV2ADC to import a list of layers while creating an AutoDraft Configuration file.

Check for crossing sets or plines.

Wherever selected sets or plines cross, create a point with the name "bl-cross" on layer CROSSING and labelled with symbol 40 (circle).

Any previously created points on layer CROSSING will be deleted.

You could, for example, use CROSSCHK look for crossing lines in a window on an isolated layer.

Use BLINECHK to check sets on a selected layer.

Toggle on|off arrowheads (crowfeet) from leader lines.

Select a segment label text object and toggle its configuration to either display or not display the crow's feet leader lines that point to the label from the end of the line segment.

If the label is a user-​mode label, toggling crowfeet off will restore the normal leader line established by this command's settings.

Coordinate System Manager.

Manage coordinate systems used by Trimble devices only.

If you import a Trimble survey .DC file using the IMPORT script, the coordinate system defined in that file is imported into the .PRO file and used by specific Trimble-related commands. For this to work, the coordinate system must be present in the current system database file CURRENT.CSD. Coordinate System Manager manages CURRENT.CSD.

Use Coordinate System Manager to

• Browse your parameters
• Define a local grid
• Establish a new site if you are working in an area that is not adequately covered by the definitions provided
• Create or edit a site, zone, datum, ellipsoid, or geoid
• Duplicate records
• Select the projection used by a zone
• Select the ellipsoid of any datum
• Specify vertical and horizontal adjustments to a zone and save them as a named site
• Select a geoid model
• Assign the files to be used by a geoid model or datum transformation
• Download the latest coordinate system definitions (.ggf) from Trimble
• Save As a new CSD to replace CURRENT.CSD.

To open Coordinate System Manager, launch the .exe (see below), type CSM in Terramodel with Geocomp Update M or use another Trimble application such as Business Center.

Installation

Terramodel 10.61 installs old versions of Coordinate System Manager and coordinate system definitions and does not update them. To update to CSM 3.3.1.0 download, extract and then copy the files to C:\Program files (x86)\​Trimble\​Coordinate System Manager\. Trimble Business Center (TBC), Pathfinder and Geomatics Office (TGO) also install versions of CSM. Once CSM 3.3.1.0 or later is installed, run CSM and download the latest updates to the software and definitions.

CURRENT.CSD

Coordinate System Manager manages the CURRENT.CSD database. The Terramodel installation backs up CURRENT.CSD and replaces it with a old default. You can manually replace CURRENT.CSD with another of the same file name and location. That file could be a copy of one of the back-ups or one created by Save As in Coordinate System Manager. See Tools | Options menu in CSM for the location of CURRENT.CSD and .GGF files (which is usually C:\ProgramData\​Trimble\​GeoData).

Some Coordinate System Manager versions

GeoSys

To view and change the Trimble coordinate system in a project file, see GEOSYS.

See also

COORDCON and GCCOORD

Transform coordinate systems without Coordinate System Manager

AUSGEOID and GC54

Apply AUSGeoid elevation adjustments without Coordinate System Manager.

Create custom construction staking reports.

Create roadway staking format files which allow you to control the format and content of roadway staking reports.

Open the Construction Staking command bar.

Create AutoDraft Configuration (.ADC) file from .CSV. or .MAP.

Convert a table of feature codes into an ASCII Auto​Draft Configuration (.ADC) file and create new layers for use with AUTO​DRAFT.

.CSV

Use a spreadsheet to populate fields following these examples and save as a .CSV:

.MAP

Select a .MAP file created for use in MAPPOINTS command in this format:

Feature code,​lineype,​layer name,​line colour number

Create layers

Select "Create layers" to also create new layers in the current project with the layer name, point or line colour and linetype.

Process

To convert your feature code list from .CSV to .ADC and use in AutoDraft:

1. Make up a table of feature codes in a spreadsheet
2. Save that table as .CSV
3. Use CSV2ADC to convert the .CSV to an .ADC in ASCII format
4. Edit the .ADC in a text editor, if you want
5. Open the .ADC in the AutoDraft Editor
6. Edit or add any extra information using the AutoDraft Editor
7. Save the binary .ADC file
8. Use the binary .ADC with AUTO​DRAFT.

Defaults

The fields and values written to the .ADC file are derived from feature codes in the .CSV or .MAP. Default global codes are added.

The AutoDraft Editor saves .ADC files in a binary .ADC format that can only be opened by AutoDraft.

See also

PTS2ADC

Create points for testing AutoDraft

Create table of text from .CSV or *.TXT file.

Create a table of text and plines from a comma-separated values (*.CSV) file or tab-separated (*.TXT) file.

Browse to select the input file and then select OK to create the table.

Settings

Loc

Enter the location of the top-left corner of the table.

Use first line in file as table heading

Create a heading on the first row of the table from the first line of the imput file.

Table heading

Enter a heading for the first row of the table. Leave blank to omit the heading row.

Heading Style

Select a text style for any heading.

Layer

Enter the layer for plines and text. The plines are created in the line colour.

Text style

Enter the text style for the data. Use a fixed-width font for numerical data.

Text Colour

Enter the colour for the text only.

Skip the first [ ] lines

Specify the number of lines at the beginning of the input file to be ignored.

Tab or Comma

Specify whether the input file is tab or comma-delimited.

Hatch background

Create hatching behind the table with specified pattern, colour and scale.

The height and width of the rows and columns are calculated from the text styles and view scale. The width of the columns vary to fit the longest text object in each column.

Lines of text with no delimiters are skipped. If your text includes commas, use a tab-delimited file. Both file formats can be saved from spreadsheet programs.

See also

GCTABLE

Create a coordinate table from points

LLTABLE

Create a coordinate table including latitude and longitude from points

TXTIN

Create rows of text from an external text file

TEXT

Create text which can include a link to an external file

Create a cul-de-sac at the end of a pline or set.

SELECT ALIGNMENT

Select the horizontal alignment at the end of which a cul-de-sac will be created on the same layer as the HAL.

CULDESAC TYPE

Select one of four cul-de-sac types:

Knuckle

For widening on the outside of a bend

Typical

Comprising three circular arcs

Teardrop

Including a central traffic island

Hammerhead

With a square end

PROPERTIES

Define the properties for selected type of cul-de-sac.

CREATE

Create points and sets on the current layer using the selected alignment, cul-de-sac type and defined properties.

See HELPTM for diagrams illustrating the four cul-de-sac types.

Select the current layer.

Select the current layer by selecting an object or from a list of existing layers.

See also

LAYER

Select or create the current layer from the toolbar

SETCURL

Select the current layer by selecting an object

LAYERNXT

Change the current layer to the next alphabetical layer

LAYERNEW

Create a new and current layer with parameters

LAYERSET

Change properties of layers

Limit the direction and increment of cursor movement

Limit the direction and increment of cursor movement while drawing linework.

Cursor modes

None

No restriction on cursor direction

Ortho

Draw the cursor along an orthogonal line from the last point drawn, based on the azimuth in the Snap Settings

Perpendicular

Draw the cursor along a line perpendicular to the last line segment drawn

Snap settings

Change snap settings to control the increment

To change the cursor mode at the command line or in a toolbox, for

In the standard Trimble installation of Terramodel, function keys include:

The Geocomp Update uses these function keys to toggle on|off the display of point numbers (F7), point markers (F8), point elevations (F9) and point names (F11). See EDITINI to import Function key settings.

Insert or edit a pline curve.

Insert an arc, spiral, vertical, combining or Overhauser curve into a pline.

Select the type of curve to be inserted and the IP (also known as control point, vertex or Intersection Point) by clicking on or typing in the pline:cp.

After you select the curve type and vertex, click OK to select the curve properties.

The curve types are:

Arc

A circular curve defined by Arc length, Chord length, DC (Degree of curvature), External distance, Middle ordinate, Radius, or Tangent.

Spiral

A circular curve defined by radius or DC (Degree of Curvature) with two clothoid transition spirals defined by the Back (In) and Ahead (Out) spiral lengths.

Vertical

A parabolic curve in a profile view defined by Length, K factor, Crest, Sight distance or through a point. When the sight distance option is used, the eye and object heights are taken from the DESIGNSET.

Combining

A curve combining two arcs and three spirals. Specify the three spiral lengths, two different arc radii and "% delta 1st arc". In the "% delta first arc" either enter a positive value for the portion of the total delta angle at the IP as divided between the two arcs, or enter negative value for the length of the first arc.

Overhauser

A spline curve where the curve passes through the vertex.

Decurve

Remove a curve

You can also enter curves while entering alignments using the PLINE, SEGEDIT and HALDATA commands.

Compute arc properties.

Calculate and report the properties of an arc given two arc properties. No objects are created.

CURVESOL dialog box

Radius, Chord, Arc length, Delta, Mid-Ord, External, Tangent, Deg of curvature

Select and enter the value of any two arc properties

Segment area

List the segment area of the computed arc

Sector area

List the sector area of the computed arc

Curve definition chord length

Calculate degree of curvature solutions based on the arc definition or chord definition of a curve. For the chord definition, also enter the chord length value in the real number control to the right.

Calculate

Once two arc properties have been entered, click Calculate to compute the remaining values.

Report

Report the arc properties in a P3pad report.

Curve parameters are reported to the precision established in UNITSSET.

See also CURVE, SCURVE and FILLET.

Balance cut or fill volumes.

Raise or lower a design DTM automatically until the desired cut, fill or nett volume to an existing DTM is reached.

Move the design vertically until the specified volume between the surfaces is reached. Shift or rotate the design surface for a better fit. Click OK to accept the new design location.

Settings

1. Balance on Nett, Cut or Fill volume
2. Specify the desired volume
3. Specify the allowable volume tolerance
4. Specify whether to apply shrink and swell factors to volumes
5. Specify whether to project batters from the design at the tie-in slopes to intersect the existing surface.

Notes

• Shrink and swell factors are set in EARTHWORK.
• Batter (tie-in) cut and fill slopes are defined by DESIGNSET and edited by EDIT Slopes.
• If the design layer cannot form a DTM, but has least one pline, you are prompted whether to convert plines on that layer to sets.
• Constrain movement of points on the design DTM by names CUT ONLY, FILL ONLY, FIX, FIX X, FIX Y, FIX Z, FIX XZ, FIX YZ, FIX XY or FIX XYZ.
• Some constraint examples:
  • FIX a long pad or water storage at one end and move the other end
  • FILL ONLY above an existing pipe
• Define any dead regions by SETSMOOTH.
• Set distance and volume units by labelling and conversion factors in UNITSSET.
• The design DTM must be enclosed by a DTM edge of one or more breakline sets.
• Any batters must intersect the existing surface.

CUTFILL replaces MOVEPAD.

Export data to Civilcad ASCII .AS5.

Export points, sets and text to Civilcad .AS5 file format.

To export plines, GCCONVRT to sets first.

Civilcad .AS5 files can be imported by Civilcad versions 5 and later.

Import data from Civilcad .AS5 file.

Import data in Civilcad ASCII .AS5 file format.

The point numbers are retained, with the option of adding a constant.

Strings on a layer with common points are joined into sets.

.AS5 files can contain zero-length arcs which can result in extra circles when exported to DXF or DWG. Use CLEANUP to remove the zero-length arcs.

Civilcad .AS5 files can be exported from Civilcad version 5 and later.

Export data to Civilcad Version 4 ASC.

Export points, sets and text to Civilcad .ASC file format.

Civilcad ASCII 4 (.ASC) files can be imported into Civilcad versions 4 and 5. For later versions of CivilCAD, export .AS5 with CVD5IMPT.

Import data from Civilcad Version 4 .ASC.

Import data in Civilcad .ASC file format.

Include points, strings and text.

Layer names are retained and codes are imported as names.

Non-​contourable points in the ASC file are not included in Terramodel DTMs. EDIT and GC53 toggle this attribute.

Strings on a layer with common points are joined into sets.

Civilcad ASCII 4 (.ASC) files can be exported from Civilcad versions 4 and 5. For later versions of Civilcad, export as .AS5 and import with CVD5IMPT.

Import Datamine binary data.

Import a mine model in Datamine binary data file format.

DC File Editor

View or edit Trimble .DC files and Sokkia .SDR files.

You can also run the DC File Editor directly from Start... Programs... Trimble Office... Utilities... DC File Editor.

If you have a 32-bit version of Windows, type DCEDIT32 in the command line instead.

Create a point at the intersection of two distances or arcs.

Solve for the intersection of two arcs or distances, and create a point object at the intersection.

DDIST uses two command bars that define the information required for the two distances (arcs) to be intersected. Each arc is defined by a centre point and distance or by selecting an arc segment to define the centre point and distance.

Distance-Distance Options

1st pt/arc

Select either a point or an arc.

Dist

If you select a point, enter a distance from the point in the distance control to the right. If you select an arc, enter a distance from the arc centre. The default distance is the radius.

OK

Click OK to display a ghosted circle to indicate the location of the first arc. Now enter a 2nd point or arc and a distance then pick a location with the mouse to indicate one of the two arc intersection solutions.

Show and create dead regions.

Show dead regions within a DTM or create dead regions.

Dead regions are defined by closed breakline sets with Dead smoothness.

DTM:

Select a DTM layer.

Loc Dead Tri:

Select a location inside a DTM triangle and create a closed breakline with Dead smoothness that defines a dead region around that triangle.

Create Dead Regions

Enable creation of dead regions for each triangle that exceeds a Min Tri Area.

Min Tri Area

Enter a minimum triangle area.

Show Dead Regions Layer

Create dead regions by minimum triangle area if enabled, and then hatch every set on the selected layer that defines a dead region. Hatching previously created by this command is deleted first.

Cancel

Close the command retaining any hatching blocks or sets defining dead regions.

See also

SETSMOOTH or EDIT Smooth

Report or edit the smoothness of sets.

DTMCH

Configure the current DTM layer, which is the default for DEADSETS.

BL

Create breaklines

Determine the angle between two bearings.

The angle is displayed in the message area for cutting and pasting into an angle control.

Delete missing blocks and external text.

Delete all blocks with missing block definitions and all text linked to missing external text files.

"Unable to find block" messages may be due to trying to display:

• An external block that links to a missing .BLK file
• An internal block that is not listed in BLOCK command
• A block with an invalid or too-long name
• A missing, unlisted or invalid block that is nested inside another block, or
• A text object that includes $File: to specify the path and name of an external file that is missing.

Common causes include importing a .DWG or .DXF with problem blocks, AUTODRAFT with missing or misspelt block names and moving or deleting a .PRO, .BLK or text file.

Use

DELBLKS

to delete all

• internal blocks that are not listed in the List mode of BLOCK command
• external blocks that have no corresponding .BLK file in C:\Program files (x86)\​Trimble\​Shared\​Blocks or any Terramodel Search Path folder such as C:\TMCustom\​Geocomp.
• text objects with $File: linking to a path and file that no longer exists, and

and, optionally, replace these deleted blocks and text with new points that

• have the locations of the insertion points
• have names that include the names of the deleted objects, and
• are excluded from all DTMs

BLKREAD

to reread the definition of an external .BLK after the .BLK has been updated

EXPLODE

to explode any blocks that contain nested missing blocks (then run DELBLKS again)

DELETE or EDIT

to delete or edit any objects

GCBADEAT

to delete or select EAT text with a subject or parent that no longer exists

BLOCK Purge

to purge selected unused blocks from the list of blocks

GCPURGE

to purge all unused blocks from the list of blocks

BLOCK

List

To list block definitions in a project

Delete layer lists.

Delete one or more layer lists.

See also LLISTSET.

Delete sets between two locations.

Delete all selected sets which cross the line anywhere between two locations.

You may want to run DUPLTRIS, GC58 or DISJOIN first.

See also DELETE​SEGMENT.

Delete selected objects from a project.

Delete selected objects from a project.

You can prevent objects from being selected for deletion by Type with Search Settings and by Layer with LAYERSET.

Once you Delete the objects, it may be necessary to REDRAW your screen to view the changes.

If you Delete all of the points defining a set, the set is also deleted. If you have checked "Protect Pn in Use From Deletion" in Point Settings your points will remain intact if you have selected the points for deletion but not the attached set.

See also Delete​Segment.

Delete a selected segment from a set or pline.

Click on each segment in turn that you want to delete then click Close to close the command without deleting any other segments.

See also DELETE to delete the whole record, BREAK to break the segment at a location, HIDE to hide or reveal a set segment and SEGEDIT to edit using a table of segments.

In Terramodel prior to 10.5, BREAK deleted set segments like DELETE​SEGMENT does now.

Possible aliases include BREAKSEG, DELETESEG, DELSEG and DS.

Change numeric names to alphanumeric.

Change numeric names to alphanumeric names using a user-​defined descriptor mapping file (.PCO).

This is similar to Point Descriptor Expansion during an IMPORT script.

See also AUTODRAFT, CHNGNAME, DESC, GRP2NAME and LAY2NAME.

Change numeric names to alphanumeric with separator.

Change numeric point names to alphanumeric point names using a multi-code separator and global code identifier using a user-​defined descriptor mapping file (.pco).

See also IMPORT, DESC, GRP2NAME and LAY2NAME.

Project batters from a design DTM to another DTM.

Create breaklines in the Design layer by projecting at fixed batter slopes from a DTM edge to an Original DTM layer.

The DTM edge must consist of one or more contiguous breakline sets that encompasses all other DTM points on the same Design layer. When you create a new set, for example by BL or DTMEDGE, the cut and fill batter slopes are assigned by the current values for Tie-in slopes in DESIGNSET command. You can check or edit the design slopes of a set at any time by EDIT Slopes.

The grade is computed in 3D from the set. This is different to simply grading to an offset and elevation. If the set has a steep longitudinal grade, the difference will be noticeable.

DESIGN breaks arcs on the DTM edge into straight line segments using the Segments Per Arc setting of DISPLAYSET. New points created along the curves and at the intersection with the original surface, and new sets connect the new points.

Any ground intersection points, points along arcs, and sets created by DESIGN are assigned the name of the design layer. DELETE these objects by name or rerunning DESIGN. Name selection is case-sensitive.

See also GC17, GC23, SLICE, CUTFILL, MOVEPAD and SIDESLOPE

Modify elevation to design roadway elevation.

Modify the elevation of existing points so that they lie on the design surface of a designated road job.

Terramodel projects a perpendicular intersection from a location to the HAL to determine the chainage along the HAL and the offset from the HAL. The elevation of the point is interpolated by cutting a slice through the design surface at the station and offset.

Configure design settings

Configure the default batter slopes and smoothness assigned to new sets and vertical sight distance calculation parameters. These settings are stored with the project file.

Tie-in slopes

Cut slope | Fill slope

These vertical controls let you enter values for cut and fill slopes that will be assigned to newly created sets. The tie-in slopes are used by DESIGN to project the design DTM onto the existing ground DTM. Any change to these values will change the slope of all sets, except sets where the slopes have been fixed by EDIT.

Default set smoothness

Always make the default Soft. The default set smoothness applies to all new sets. Set smoothness affects contour, cross section and profile plines created from DTMs. If many breaklines are Hard or Sharp, 3D Visualiser can be very slow. If many closed breaklines are Dead, you will have many holes in contour plines. If a DTMEDGE is Dead, you will have no contour plines at all. See SETSMOOTH to change the smoothness of existing sets and for an explanation of each smoothness property.

Vertical Curve Design Controls

Set the eye, object, and headlight distances that Terramodel will use when calculating the sight distances used for computing vertical curves based on AASHTO standards.

Eye Height

The distance from the road to the standard eye height of a driver.

Object Height, Stopping:

The distance from the road to the standard object height for computing the safe stopping distance.

Object Height, Passing:

The distance from the road to the standard object height for computing the safe passing distance.

Headlight Height:

The distance from the road to the centre of the standard headlight beam.

Divergence Angle:

The angle of the standard headlight beam divergence.

Remove spikes from a DTM.

Remove all points in a DTM layer where all the surrounding triangles exceed a maximum grade.

You can

• Select a DTM layer
• Specify a maximum grade in %
• Limit the affected points to a boundary
• Limit the maximum number of iterations
• Remove points if any triangle exceeds the maximum grade
• Remove peaks only

See also GC53, GC69 and 3DFILTER.

Data Format Editor

Edit logger (.lgr) files which contain the detailed data format used by the IMPORT and EXPORT script managers to interpret the data.

This editor uses DataFormatEditor.dll. If you have 32-bit Windows, type DFEDIT32 instead.

Trimble diagnostic report

Report details of the computer relevant to Trimble applications including system architecture, Windows registry, Trimble applications and files.

If TrimRptU.exe does not run, install Trimble Data Transfer Utility and try again.

If you have 32-bit Windows, use DIAG32.

Label dimensions between two locations or along segments.

Create labels showing dimensions between pairs of locations or along segments.

Click Props to configure the labelling method, units, decimal places, and layer.

Operation

Pt-Pt | Segment

Dimension between pairs of locations or along segments

Pts:

Enter two locations

Seg:

Select one segment

Loc:

Locate the new label

Props

Specify the label properties

Dim

Create label at manually entered locations. Not required for mouse-selected locations.

Close

Close the command and retain the new labels

General properties

Distance type

Dimension the whole distance (Linear), the Horizontal (X-axis) distance or Vertical (Y-axis) distance. In the Plan view, Horizontal is the difference in the Eastings, and Vertical is the difference in Northings.

Layer

Select the layer on which to place dimension lines and text. Select layer 0 for current layer.

Dimension blocks

Create the label as a block instead of text and plines. Dimension blocks are named dim n, where n is a sequential number. If you delete a dimension block object, the block definition is discarded when the project is saved.

Force Dimensions outside

Create dimensions with arrows that point inward, or in the same direction, when the dimension is located outside the extension lines.

Format

Select Engineering format which uses decimal project units (feet or metres) set by MEASUNIT or Architectural format which uses feet, inches and fractional inches.

Units suffix

Append a suffix to the labels to show the distance unit.

Sub-units suffix

Append another suffix show the sub-units in the Architectural format.

Number of decimals

Enter the precision for distance labels using the Engineering format.

Units Scale

Enter the factor for the calculated distance. For example, to convert feet to inches, enter 12.0.

Fractional increment

Select the precision of the Architectural format.

Text Properties

Text style

Select the text style for font, height, aspect and slant. The justification is Center-Middle, and the orientation is Legible.

Text Colour

Specify the colour.

Distance from text to line

Enter a factor of the text height for the distance of the text away from the dimension line or the lines from the beginning and the end of the text.

Draw text above dim line

Place dimension text above the dimension lines or even with and between the dimension lines.

Line Properties

Draw dimension line

Enable dimension lines.

Linetype

Select the line type (usually a LEADER LINE).

Colour

Specify the colour for the dimension lines.

Draw dimension line 1

For Segments, create the first extension line.

Line type

Select the line type of the first extension line.

Draw extension line 2

Create the second extension line.

Line type

Select the line type for the second extension line.

Colour

Specify the colour for both extension lines.

Length of outside lines

Define the length of the outside dimension lines in sheet units when you Force Dimensions Outside and locate the dimension text outside the extension lines.

Extension line gap

Define the offset (in sheet units) to the beginning of the extension lines. If a dimension is located within this offset, the lines are extended further.

Vertical exaggeration

Any vertical exaggeration in the current view is applied to the label. If the vertical exaggeration is later changed, the label will then be distorted.

Break sets and plines into segments.

Break sets and plines containing straights or arcs into segments. DISJOIN does not break plines containing spirals or vertical curves.

DISJOIN is an alias of GCUNJOIN.

See also JOIN to join sets and plines with common ends and EXPLODE to explode sets and plines with complex linetypes.

Display feature attributes.

Report, label or rename selected records that have feature attributes.

Objs:

Select objects

Create Text in Layer

Specify layer for any new EAT text labels

Text Style

Specify text style for any new EAT text labels

Select attributes

Select Display for a feature attribute to label, rename or report objects with that feature attribute. Select All to select All.

Create Text

Create text labels for selected objects showing the selected feature attribute, and value, if any

Copy Atts to Name

Append to existing names of selected objects the selected feature attributes, and values, if any

Report

Report to P3Pad for selected objects, the selected feature attributes and values, if any

DISPFEAT uses FEATURES.ADF.

See also FYATBEDIT, FYATBEP, FYATBIN, FYATBOUT, CHECKATT, GC12DOUT, GC01, SNR and CHNGNAME.

Configure how objects are displayed.

Partially display some objects for quicker redraw times and configure point display size.

View Resolution Segments per

Curves are displayed as a series of short straight segments, but maintain their full mathematical properties for computations.

For any curve, the maximum number of segments for all the components of a curve together is 100 otherwise the curve will not display correctly. For example, if arcs have 20 segments and spirals have 10, the total for Arc curves would be 10+20+10=40, and the total for Combining curves would be 10+20+10+20+10=70.

With more segments the curve appears smoother, takes longer to display and uses more memory. The segments are also used to extract profiles from DTMs and to exporting to relevant files. The PLOTSET resolution is independent.

Segments per Arc

Set the number of segments per circular curve. 10 is typical.

Segments per Spline

The number of segments per splined pline. Splined lines are used primarily for contour lines. A setting of 0 displays the line as unsplined. The maximum number is 100. A typical value is 3.

Segments per Vertical Curve

The number of segments per vertical curve. A typical value is 10.

Segments per Spiral Curve

The number of segments per transition spiral. A typical value is 10.

Quick dynaviews

Toggle on to hide objects displayed through dynaviews and to show dynaview frames only. See also SHOWDYNA.

Quick text

Toggle on to display and plot text as boxes drawn to the limits of the text objects. Toggle off to display and plot normally.

Quick EAT codes

Toggle on to display and plot all EAT codes as the actual codes and not the interpreted value.

Quick linetype

Toggle on to display and plot all linetypes as solid lines.

Ignore hide

Toggle on to reveal set segments hidden by HIDE are displayed and to enable CONVERT to convert hidden set segments to plines.

Hold DV scale

Toggles the way attribute text and the linetype scales are displayed and plotted within dynaviews. When toggled on, attribute text and linetypes are scaled within the individual dynaviews in which they are displayed, based on the scale assigned to the dynaview, as opposed to being based on the plot scale of the viewing mode in which the attribute text or line is drawn. This allows you to create multiple dynaviews showing the same object or even of the same viewport at varying scales. When toggled on, the attribute text and linetypes appear in accordance with their definition, regardless of subsequent alterations of the plot scale of the viewing mode in which these objects are drawn. When toggled off, attribute text and linetypes as displayed within a dynaview, are scaled based on the current plot scale of the target viewing mode, and their appearance will change as that plot scale is altered. Normal text objects are not affected by this setting.

Drag Text Quick

Toggle on to distort the text so the text can be dragged quickly. Toggle off to display legible text as you drag, which is slower.

Point size

Enter the size in pixels for a cross symbol for each point.

Text box size

Enter a minimum number of pixels for text. Text objects and attribute text that are smaller will be displayed as a text box. Enter 0 to always draw the text characters (except when Quick Text is toggled on).

Report the distance between two locations.

Report the 2D distance between two locations defined by coordinates in From and To point controls.

The distance is displayed in the message scroll in both project units, and in sheet units at the view scale.

You have the option to also display the accumulative length which can be reset.

The locations can be limited by object snaps.

See also GC29 for 3D distances between points and along segments and these other commands that report distances: GC29UTM, REPORTS , GEOMINQ, GC3DSETS, GC75, GC81, LABELSEG, GCDIMLOT and GEOMRPTS.

Divide a line into intervals.

Create points along a set or pline at intervals.

You specify the number of segments, whether to divide one segment or an entire line, whether the points are moved to round number chainages, and whether to insert the points into sets.

See also GCDIVIDE, 3D, GC28, GC283D, PREDAREA, GC04, INTOSET and GCIN2SET and GC682SET.

Import a USGS DLG (optional format) file

Import a United States Geological Survey Digital Line Graph-Optional format lines with elevations.

See Terramodel help for details.

Export a USGS DLG (optional format) file.

Export a United States Geological Survey Digital Line Graph-Optional format lines with elevations.

See Terramodel help for details.

Dimension between two locations.

Draw pline segments between two locations with the specified linetype and labels in the specified text style showing the length in metres to the specified number of decimal places.

See also LABGRADE and DIM.

List Terramodel documents.

List user guides, tutorials, manuals, charts, table, classes, notes, lists and help files installed with Geocomp Update.

The documents and associated sample data are installed into C:\TMCUSTOM\​Geocomp\​Docs.

See also HELP and GCHELP.

Drafting settings.

Configure the text spacing, text offset distance, and other general drafting settings for the project.

Flip over angle

Configure the angle when attribute set segment labels are automatically flipped so that they can be read from left to right, from the right-hand side and the bottom of the sheet. Valid entries for this parameter are from 0° to 45°. If the value is set to 45°, the label will be upside down if read from the bottom of the sheet, but will appear correct when read from the right-hand side of the sheet. The angle should generally remain at 0° or 10°. This angle is applied to each dynaview so that the same labels can be oriented properly through multiple dynaviews.

Text clip margin

Set the amount of space around text objects, for CONTOUR, CLIP and HATCH when clipping lines to text. Typical values range from 0.3 to 0.5 times the height of the text object. This value also controls the spacing between text and its associated text border, with the exception of the Underline border style which uses the following offset distance value.

Offset distance from line/arc

Set the distance between a line or curve and its label. This value also controls the offset between the line generated by an Underline text border style and the first and second lines of text when that style is used. Typically, enter a value at least twice the diameter of your largest pen.

Space (%) between lines of text

Establish the spacing between lines of attribute text or lines of text objects. A typical value is 50% of the text height.

Fixed Detail Border Size

Configure the fixed height for all text borders with a Detail border style. Borders with other text border styles, vary in height according to the limits of the text and the above text clip margin.

Text Line Colours

Configure the colours for leader lines and borders associated with text. These global settings affect all text in the project file.

Leader Lines

The colour for text leader lines

Underlines

The colour for all text borders with Underline text border style

Margin Lines

The colour for all text borders with Margin text border styles.

Enclosed Borders

The colour for text with other text border styles.

Underline title Text Enlargement (%)

Increase the height of the first line of multi-line text with Underline text border style by this percentage (e.g. 20%). If you use PLOTSET to map the plotter pen selection to the text height, the first line use a different plotter pen.

Import Drag Head log file.

Import Drag Head log file.

Report drainage details to a CSV file.

Select drain sets and specify a lid layer.

Create sets where selected plines cross a DTM.

Create points on the current layer where selected plines cross links in the selected DTM and connect the points with sets alomng the plines.

If there is no grade change at the link crossing, no point is created.

See also GCDRAPE which also transfers chainages, references and names to the sets.

Label a drill hole.

Label a drill hole with some properties of the collar point and drill hole.

The text label includes the name and coordinates of the collar point and the bearing and dip of the drill hole segment at the specified text location. The Settings button controls the text style.

The collar point does not have to be an end point of the drill hole segment.

Label a set segment of a drain with the grade.

Label a selected set segment with text indicating the grade of the segment.

Select a set segment and a text location and, in Settings, specify whether to display an arrow or a table, any added text, the text style and a leader linetype.

Specify Display Arrow to create a pline with an arrow in the direction of slope, labelled with any added text and the grade expressed as a ratio and a percentage.

Specify Display Table to create multi-line text, with a rectangular border and leaderline, showing any added text, the elevation of the upstream point, the set name and the grade expressed as a ratio, the segment length and the elevation of the downstream point. The optional added text can be used for a table heading and the set name could indicate the pipe description or diameter.

See also LABGRADE for a more general grade labelling command.

Report volumes and surface areas of ponds in a DTM.

Hatch pond extents and report water volumes around low points in a DTM.

DTM:

Select a DTM

Bdys:

Select any limiting boundaries

Water Layer:

Layer for new pond extents

Min Water Depth:

Enter a minimum pond depth

Step:

Enter a step size

Hatch

Create hatch blocks on water layer inside extents

Compute Volumes:

Compute water volumes

OK

For each pond deeper than the minimum, generate contours at step intervals, clip them to selected boundaries, then, for each low point, find the closed contour with the largest area, create pond extent plines and hatch blocks, and report the water elevation, area, depth and volume.

Cancel

Cancel command

See also

DTMDRAIN

Create sets around drainage catchments

GCFALL

Show flow paths and catchments in a DTM

LINKSET

Show triangle slopes

EARTHWORK

Compute volumes of depressions

Export DTM layer to Leica 1200 DBX database files.

Export a DTM layer within a boundary to an XML file and convert to Leica 1200 DBX database using RoadRunnerAddOn.

The database files can be used with Road Runner or DigSmart3D on Leica 1200 instruments. The XML file can also be imported into UMC_3D and iCON.

Define any dead regions by SETSMOOTH.

To suit some Leica applications, DTM2LDBX limits DTMs to 99,999 points. To create larger XML files, use DTM2XML.

If you select 'Create Leica DB files', but no .X?? files are created in the same folder as the .XML, download and install Microsoft Visual C++ 2013 Redistributable (x86).

See also ROADRUN, GCPTSOUT , GCMULXML, POWERGDE and PLAN2DBX.

Export DTM layer to LandXML triangles.

Export a DTM layer to a layer of triangles in a LandXML .XML file.

Define any dead regions by SETSMOOTH.

See also DTM2LDBX , VRMLOUT and EXPORT LandXML script.

Relink all DTM layers and redraw the display.

Relink all DTM layers, redraw the display and store the current contour intervals.

DTMALL reads the normal and index intervals defined by CONTOURSET and writes the project variables DTMALL:CONT_INT and DTMALL:CONT_INDEX_I. If you use these project variables in EAT text, run DTMALL each time you change either contour interval.

See also GCDTMALL which also creates arc breaklines, TOGLINKS which turns on and off link visibility without relinking and DTMUPDT which updates only the current DTM layer.

Change the current DTM layer.

The current DTM layer is displayed in the Coordinate scroll box with the elevation, aspect and slope at the cursor.

To relink the current DTM layer only, use DTMUPDT.

The current DTM layer is not necessarily the current layer.

Project a cone onto a DTM.

Radiate from a specified x, y location and a specified height difference from the DTM, to the specified DTM layer, in 5° increments.

Join the locations with a pline or join points at those locations with a set and radial sets to the centre point.

Enter a positive height if the centre is above the DTM; a negative height if the centre is below the DTM.

Enter a positive slope to project up; a negative slope to project down. The slope may be entered in any vertical angle mode: Z (degrees from zenith), H (degrees from horizontal), N (degrees from nadir), P or % (percent slope from horizontal), R (ratio of horizontal to vertical) or D (vertical distance).

Create set lines around drainage catchments.

Create set lines along the boundaries of drainage catchments of a DTM.

Options

DTM

Select the DTM.

DRAIN

Select the layer for the new sets. The default layer is set by HDEFS.

MIN HEIGHT

Enter a depth above which shallow ponds fill and overflow and boundary sets are created. The default height is the Minimum drainage height setting in HDEFS.

The minimum height is used to eliminate small depressions and must be reviewed for the overall effect.

DTMDRAIN makes assumptions such as water draining to one side of each triangle and consistent ground cover.

See also GCFALL which can use multiple locations per triangle to create catchment boundaries and flow paths.

Create a set around a DTM edge.

Create a set in the current colour joining every point along the outside links of a selected DTM.

The DTM edge set locks the extent of the DTM, even against changes in link settings. The extent is limited by the outside points and breaklines and current link settings.

Before running DTMEDGE, select a distinctive layer colour and use LAYERSET or QISOLATE to isolate, LINKSET and DTMALL to display the extent of links and EVALDTM to look for breakline problems.

Multiple contiguous breakline set segments around a DTM function as a DTM edge. This means that DESIGN and CUTFILL can use different batter slopes and that the outside of a DTM formed from imported triangles always forms a DTM edge.

Edit a DTM edge set using GCDTMEDG, DELETE​SEGMENT, BL and so on.

If there are any 3D points on the layer outside the DTM edge set, the DTM edge is invalid. GC22 checks for and fixes this.

GCDTMBDY creates pline boundaries at multiple DTM edges.

Interpolate a grid over a DTM.

Specify origin, bearing, intervals and boundary.

See also GCGENGRD, GRIDELEV, GRIDEXPT, GRIDMAKE, and TRMBGRID.

List DTM information by layer for selected points.

List by layer, for the selected points, the layer name, number of points, number of 3D Points, number of 3D points not in DTM, number of points in DTM and the maximum and minimum Easting, Northing and Elevation.

The totals are summed and the ranges also computed for all the selected points.

The DTM status shows which layers have been linked and whether they are part of a Multilayer DTM.

The number of points in the DTM is number of contourable points in the DTM view with the most DTM points on that layer. This is not necessarily the current or Plan view. You are warned if selected points are not on this DTM view.

The selected DTM layers are relinked. If you want a report of duplicate points, run GC92 first.

See also LAYINFO, COUNT, OLIST and LIST.

Match overlapping DTMs at a match line.

Match two DTMs created by photogrammetry.

The surfaces are adjusted so that any contours created from the new DTM match perfectly at a match line.

DTM

Select two DTM layers to be matched

LINE

Select a pline along which the DTMs are to be matched

DEF

DTM Match Defaults dialog box

NORMAL MERGE

Specify the type of elevation adjustment to be applied to the points.

On

Each point will be adjusted by the ratio of its offset distance from the match line to the maximum adjustment width, times the distance from the elevation of the point to its interpolated elevation to the other DTM layer. This method moves each point towards the other DTM. In the event the DTM layers cross in the overlap area, some points on each DTM may move up and others down. Generally this is the preferred method.

Off

Each point will be adjusted by the ratio of its offset distance from the match line to the maximum adjustment width, times the elevation from layer 1 to layer 2 on the match line perpendicular to the point being adjusted. This method moves each point based on the condition at the match line. If the DTM layers intersect in the overlap area, some points on each DTM may move away from the other DTM.

MAX ADJ WIDTH

Specify the maximum distance from the line in which points will be adjusted.

Tips on using DTMMATCH command

• The objects on the matched layers can be relayered to the same DTM layer for relinking.
• DTMMATCH makes significant modifications to the project data including deleting points. We strongly recommend that you keep a copy of the original data by using SAVEAS before you start.
• If DTMMATCH is to be used several times in one project file, save your work at each step.
• Before beginning DTMMATCH, you must have two DTM layers that overlap.
• Along the overlap create a single-segment pline or set where two DTMs are to match. Only points that fall within the length of the segment will be erased.
• Match lines should not be significantly longer than the limits of the DTM as this can prevent Terramodel from properly determining which points should be deleted.
• Set lines that cross the match line are clipped. A point will be created to hold each clipped set. The DTMs will re-link if required.
• Elevations of points that fall within the length of the line and the specified adjustment width will be adjusted according to the method specified. A set is created on each DTM along the match line through the points created. All points outside the match line for each DTM are deleted. The maximum elevation difference found along the match line, and the number of points adjusted, are reported.

See also GCMATCH to match contours, JOIN to join matched contours, GC33 to create the highest or lowest of two overlapping surfaces, GC33MULT to create the highest or lowest of multiple overlapping surfaces, MERGE to create a surface from two overlapping surfaces, GCMERGE to replace a surface with multiple overlapping surfaces, GCCLIP to clip multiple surfaces from a single surface and GCCOPY to copy multiple objects into a single surface.

Create points by comparison with two DTMs.

Create new points on a third layer with elevations determined by a user-​defined mathematical formula which may include the elevations of the first and second specified DTMs.

In the Settings, specify the formula, whether to use the points from the first or second layers, or both and whether to report the results.

Layer 1

Select a DTM layer

Layer 2

Select a second DTM layer

Layer 3

Select a layer for the new points

Settings

Use layer 1 points

Use layer 1 points

Use layer 2 points

Use layer 2 points

Generate Report

Report each computed value to P3Pad

Formula

Enter a mathematical formula for the elevation of the new points on layer 3

For example, to get an "average" elevation, use a formula like ((Z2-Z1)/2)+Z1 or (Z2+Z1)/2.

See also GC70.

Interpolate elevations of points from a DTM.

Assign elevations to 2D points from a DTM surface.

Points outside the limits of the DTM are not assigned elevations.

Only 2D points are be modified. To modify 3D points, first use GCNOELEV or ELEVATION (Absolute) to make the points 2D by giving them an absolute elevation of *.

See also ELEVOBJS which replaces elevations of point, text and blocks interpolated from a DTM.

See also GC70 which replaces elevations of both 2D and 3D points, and can also combine the point elevations with the DTM elevations.

See also GCPTSTXT which interpolates elevations from nearby text instead of a DTM.

See also DRAPE, DTMGRID, GRIDELEV, GC50, INT3DSET and ELVPLINE.

Create sets from DTM links.

Create a set for each link or triangle on a DTM layer.

Specify the new DTM layer, whether to create sets with three segments (triangles) or one segment (links) and whether to copy points to the new layer (or just the sets).

If these sets are used as breaklines in another DTM application, the resulting DTM will be similar.

Define any dead regions by SETSMOOTH.

If you are exporting to an application that prefers DXF or DWG 3DFaces, use the AutoCAD Export script instead.

See also GCDTMOUT, GSIDTMOU, QSGRIDOU, KORKDTM and TRMBTIN.

Create a point on a DTM at a grade and bearing.

Create a point at the intersection of a theoretical 3D line and a DTM.

Specify a DTM layer, a start point, a bearing and a vertical angle.

The start point cannot be at the same elevation as the DTM.

The bearing and vertical angle units are controlled by UNITSSET.

See also GC23 and SLICE.

Report the points with the highest and lowest elevations in a layer.

Report the points with highest and lowest elevations in a layer and list the point numbers, the elevation difference and the average elevation.

The highest and lowest points are marked with temporary circles; the bigger circle marks the higher point. The circles disappear on refresh.

All 3D points on the layer are considered including invisible and non-​contourable points. See also RANGE, AVERPTS and EVALDTM.

Relink the current DTM layer and refresh.

Use DTMCH to change the current DTM layer first.

GCARCBL creates breaklines around arcs, DTMALL relinks all layers and GCDTMALL does both.

Project sets onto a DTM.

Create sets projected onto a DTM from a viewpoint.

Sets

Select sets joining 3D points

View Pt

Select a point from which to project

DTM layer

Select a DTM onto which the sets are to be projected

Step distance around set

Enter a step distance in project units

OK

Create points on the current layer for each step along the sets where they would appear on the DTM from the view point

Cancel

Cancel without creating sets

For example, to lay out a sign on a hillside to be legible from a lookout:

1. Adopt a view point at the lookout with elevation at eye level
2. Define four points on a 3D plane near the lookout which frame the vista to the hillside
3. Draft up a sign to the same proportions at the four points
4. REVIEW to Plan, EXPLODE text, CONVERT plines to sets, ARCBREAK curves to straights, modify ELEVATION and so on to define the sign as straight set segments joining 3D points
5. Transform the sign points and sets onto the plane near the lookout using GC3DADJ
6. Use DTMVIEW to step along the sets, projecting from the viewpoint to the DTM to create points and sets on the current layer

Report the attribute records stored for a selected object.

Report the attribute records stored for a selected object.

Remove duplicated segments from triangular sets.

Remove segments from triangular sets on a layer that join the same points as segments on other sets on that layer and replace with single segments in the current layer colour.

This can significantly reduce the number of segments in an imported DTM that has a closed set for each triangle.

Select “Shortest Length Side Only” to minimise total breakline length, separate breakline strings like kerbs or remove flat triangles from digitised contours. You can also choose to keep the “Middle Length Side only” if that suits the model better.

Select “Create all triangle sides”, to create a DTM surface very similar to the original but without duplicate triangle sides.

If you don’t need to keep any breaklines or boundaries, you may be able to simply DELETE all the sets on the layer and let Terramodel reform the DTM from the remaining points.

Any point in a set with the same number as the previous point is removed. Duplicate points are removed next time you reform the DTM.

See also REMTRIS, REMOVELINKS, LINKSET, 3DFILTER, GC31, GC58, GC66, GC92, DTMEDGE and CLEANUP.

Remove duplicated segments from triangular sets.

Use DUPLTRIS instead if you have the Geocomp Update.

The TML name is DUPLT_US. If DUPLTUS does not run from the command line, create an alias from DUPLTUS to DUPLT_US or enter DUPLT_US.

Import elevations from .DXF files.

Import elevations from 3D coordinates in a .DXF file corresponding to points in Terramodel.

Replace the elevation of each point in the Plan view with the elevation corresponding to the first matching X,Y coordinate pair in a selected DXF file.

For example, to import elevations from PolyFaceMesh objects in a DXF, use

1. DXFIN (AutoCAD (dwg or dxf) _i import script) to IMPORT the .DXF file
2. GCCONVRT to convert the remaining plines to points and sets
3. DXF3D to read the elevations from the DXF onto the points
4. DTMALL or DTMUPDT to form the DTM and remove duplicate points to layer 0
5. DUPLTRIS to remove duplicate segments
6. DELETE all objects from layer 0

See also ACADCONV, DXFCHANG, DTMPTS, GC31 and GC58.

Change the name of layers in a .DXF file.

Change the layer names in a specified input .DXF file to new layer names in an output .DXF file.

DXFCHANG can be used to substitute layer names with a different naming convention and to accommodate differences in valid characters and maximum layer name lengths.

The format of the .MAP file is:

input layer name,output layer name

Enter any characters to prefix the new layer names.

Import

1. If the data file is in .DWG format, export from CAD application to .DXF
2. Open or create a new project in Terramodel
3. DXFCHANG
4. Browse to select DXF In (the input file name and DXF Out (the output file name)
5. Browse to select a Mapping File
6. Enter any prefix
7. Select "DXF Out to Import into Terramodel"
8. OK
9. DXFIN to import .DXF into Terramodel

Export

1. DXFOUT
2. Export from Terramodel to DXF using the "2000" file format
3. DXFCHANG
4. Browse to select DXF In (the old file name), DXF Out (the new file name)
5. Browse to select a Mapping File
6. Enter any prefix
7. Select "DXF Out to Import into CAD"
8. OK
9. Import .DXF into CAD application

Notes

Prefixes help create new layers which identify the objects imported from a particular .DXF. If no file name is entered for DXF Out, the Out file has the same name as in the DXF In file but with the prefix as a suffix.

Terramodel layer names have a limit of 16 characters.

DXFIN can use a project variable to determine which 16 characters to read.

The maximum length of lines in the .MAP file is 255 characters, so a Terramodel layer-name of up to 16-characters can be mapped to DXF layer-name of up to 238 characters.

Some characters are automatically substituted. The new layer names can have any characters acceptable to the destination CAD software. DXF files exported from Terramodel by DXFOUT have layer names limited to 16 characters that must each be an Upper Case letter, a digit, a -, a _, or a $. While Terramodel has always supported spaces in layer names, this has only been supported in .DXF format since DXF version "2000".

Layer map files in .LNM format created by GC12DIN can also be used.

GCMAPOUT can create create an initial .MAP file from selected objects, with default substitutions, for later amendment or addition of layer names in any text editor.

Layers names in the DXF that are missing from the .MAP file can be added to the end of the .MAP file. Use an empty .MAP file to read all layer names from the .DXF.

Any lines in the .MAP file that start with # are treated as comments and ignored.

Previous revisions of DXFCHANG used object names to specify layer names.

If a CAD application reports an error reading the DXF, try opening the file in ODA Drawings Explorer and saving as .R10 DXF.

See also LAYERMAP and DXF3D.

Prefixing layer names does not require a mapping file.

Create dynaviews.

Use a dynaview to display a portion of a view in another location.

For instance, create a plotbox around a part of the plan view, create a second plotbox at a difference scale around the same part in profile view, and place dynaviews for both next to each other in the sheet view.

Refresh the view of the dynaview to show the objects inside the plotbox at that time.

Dynaview creation

BOX

Select a plotbox, a closed set or pline that defines extent of the dynaview, such as one created by PLOTBOX, GCBOX or CIRCLE.

LOC

Enter the location of the origin of the new dynaview. This location can be in any view including the same view. Locate the dynaview where the first vertex of the plotbox is to appear.

SCALE

Set the scale at which the new dynaview is drawn. The default scale is the plot scale for the view of the selected Box. Use VIEWSET to preview or modify plot scale for any view.

ROT

Set the angle of rotation for the dynaview. The angle of rotation is measured clockwise relative to the closed polygon. The default rotation aligns the last side with the east-west axis.

Dynaview editing

Use EDIT to edit dynaviews. To select the dynaview by mouse, click on the origin, which for rectangular plotboxes, is the south-west corner by convention.

Editable dynaview properties are layer, attribute if defined, name, auto off, group, boundary, layer list name, scale, rotation and location.

Turn Auto off ON, to turns off the display of objects that are referenced and not a part of the family tree.

The boundary is the closed plotbox pline that defines the extent of the dynaview.

A layer list can be used to display only a nominated layers. See LLISTSET.

See also

PLANSET

Lay out multiple dynaviews

PLOTBOX

Create a plotbox by height and width in sheet units

GCBOX

Create a plot box graphically

EXPLODE

Explode objects incluing Dynaviews

MIRRORDY

Mirror dynaviews about Y-axis

SHOWDYNA

Show objects visible on dynaviews

FIXDYNA

Replace dynaview plotboxes

MVIEW

Create dynaviews from multiple plotboxes

SCLPLOTB

Scale dynaview plotboxes

DISPLAYSET

Display settings including Quick (hidden) dynaviews

BOXDYNA

Create boxes at dynaview extents

LLIST

Modify the layer list of dynaviews

SCLBLKS

Scale blocks and whether clipped in dynaviews